再识程序法与实体法之关系

程序法与实体法具有不同的价值和功能,二者之间不仅是内容和形式的辩证关系,而且程序法在一定情况下亦可弥补实体法的不足。虽然程序法和实体法“具有同样的精神”,但在刑法和刑事诉讼法执行过程中,由于种种原因所致,程序法的价值、功能及程序本身所具有的独立意义,却未被人们所理解,重实体法而轻程序法的观念根深蒂固。随着法制的完备,执法的民主性、科学性、公正性倍受重视,所以重新评价和认识实体法与程序法的关系,重视程序法的价值、功能,确立程序法与实体法并重的执法观念,应引起法学界、法律界足够的关注和重视。     

Banach空间中二层规划的凸性和连续性问题

本文置二层规划模型中的各构成函数于Banach空间中,讨论了下层极值函数和上层目标函数的凸性与连续性,推广了有限维空间中二层规划模型中的相应结果。     

Center‐Based Early Childhood Education and Care in China: Policies,Trends, and Implications

The development of early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies and programs in China has been closely intertwined with social, economic, and demographic changes. This article systematically reviews center‐based ECEC policies and programs in China and presents the major trends and implications for future research and policy. The focus of China’s ECEC policy has shifted from health and custodial care to nurturing and child‐centered education since the economic reforms and the one‐child policy were launched in the late 1970s. Empirical data show that the costs of ECEC services have been continuously increasing. Both the number of children enrolled and the overall enrolment rates have declined during the late 1990s but they have increased slightly since 2001. The ECEC programs vary substantially in every regard by urban or rural residence, type of organization, and region. The quality of center‐based ECEC programs in China is still quite low, indicated by their high child–teacher ratios and low levels of education among principals and teachers relative to developed countries. Children living in rural areas or less developed regions and those from low‐income families suffer from fewer resources and lower quality ECEC as compared to their peers. These problems must be addressed by future policy interventions.     

Natural disaster preparedness in college students: Implications for institutions of higher learning

Objective: There is growing interest in the effectiveness of disaster preparedness at universities. Although several studies have examined student preparedness perceptions, a better understanding of factors that may influence actual preparedness is needed. Participants: Seven hundred sixty-five undergraduate and graduate students at a southeastern U.S. university completed an online survey in September 2013. Methods: Participants were administered an online survey that included questions regarding disaster preparedness and their experiences with disasters. Results: Students' disaster concern was more related to perceived preparedness over actual preparedness; disaster experience significantly predicted both actual and perceived preparedness. Perceived university preparedness was a significant predictor of disaster concern. Conclusion: The results suggest that perceived and actual preparedness are related but not entirely equivalent, which emphasizes the importance of differentiating the two constructs. Limitations of the current study and recommendations for future research are provided.     

太阳能利用技术与工程专业方向课程体系建设探索

基于社会对太阳能利用技术人才的巨大需求和连云港在太阳能利用方面的技术优势，分析了太阳能利用学科及人才的定位，阐述了太阳能利用学科人才培养的目标和原则，并详细论述了太阳能利用学科课程体系的特点和构成。     

Side-by-side: An evaluation of Connecticut’s police and youth interaction model

This study evaluated a community-based intervention program designed to promote positive youth development and to create positive interactions between police and youth in a non-enforcement environment. A pre–post-design was used to compare the results of the program for participating youth and police officers, particularly changes in each group’s attitudes toward the other. The results showed that participation in the program improved police officers’ and youths’ attitudes toward each other. For youth, the rate of change in attitudes was greatest for minority youth and for youth who had prior negative experience with the police. That is, youth who had negative prior experiences with police and began with negative attitudes toward police developed more positive attitudes toward police as a result of participating in the program. Furthermore, having opportunities for positive interactions between police and youth played an important role in decreasing negative perceptions of police for ethnic minority youth. This study suggests that community-based programs that involve police with youth can improve participants’ attitude toward each other, which might impact future interactions.     

宪法实施的中国图景

世界各国的宪法实施可分为立法审查、司法审查、专门机关审查等模式;中国宪法的实施图景,就深深蕴藏于人民代表大会制度之中,但我国宪法和立法法所确立的违宪审查模式并没有相应践行,"适用宪法规范解决宪法争议"的实践在现实生活中也没有出现,学者们在认同我国现存政治制度正当性以及存在宪法实施的前提下寻求新的研究思路。我国完整的宪法实施制度包括宪法监督制度、宪法解释制度、备案审查制度、宪法日制度、宪法宣誓制度五部分内容。     

Experimental Results Indicating Lattice‐Dependent Policies May Be Optimal for General Assemble‐To‐Order Systems

We consider an assemble‐to‐order (ATO) system with multiple products, multiple components which may be demanded in different quantities by different products, possible batch ordering of components, random lead times, and lost sales. We model the system as an infinite‐horizon Markov decision process under the average cost criterion. A control policy specifies when a batch of components should be produced, and whether an arriving demand for each product should be satisfied. Previous work has shown that a lattice‐dependent base‐stock and lattice‐dependent rationing (LBLR) policy is an optimal stationary policy for a special case of the ATO model presented here (the generalized M‐system). In this study, we conduct numerical experiments to evaluate the use of an LBLR policy for our general ATO model as a heuristic, comparing it to two other heuristics from the literature: a state‐dependent base‐stock and state‐dependent rationing (SBSR) policy, and a fixed base‐stock and fixed rationing (FBFR) policy. Remarkably, LBLR yields the globally optimal cost in each of more than 22,500 instances of the general problem, outperforming SBSR and FBFR with respect to both objective value (by up to 2.6% and 4.8%, respectively) and computation time (by up to three orders and one order of magnitude, respectively) in 350 of these instances (those on which we compare the heuristics). LBLR and SBSR perform significantly better than FBFR when replenishment batch sizes imperfectly match the component requirements of the most valuable or most highly demanded product. In addition, LBLR substantially outperforms SBSR if it is crucial to hold a significant amount of inventory that must be rationed.     

我国准体育人口的基征分析与发展研究

依据《2001年中国群众体育发展现状调查》数据资料结果,在比较1997年中国群众体育现状调查的数据资料和研究成果的基础上提出准体育人口概念,并从准体育人口是体育人口持续发展的基础资源角度出发,对其为全民健身计划纲要的深入实施提出的新问题进行研究。     

台湾-大陆人口老龄化比较研究

本文评述了台湾-大陆人口老龄化的历史发展过程及人口老龄化的特征;运用台湾-大陆的统计资料建立计量模型,从而运用定量的方式分析对比了两岸的人口老龄化成因;最终提出了关于缓解两岸人口老龄化冲击的措施。本研究不仅有助于增进两岸的了解,也为两岸互相汲取经验、互惠互利提供了帮助。