区域民族描写民俗学优秀之作--读《中国南楚民俗学》

从民俗理论的实际提炼性与追求规范性、区域民族民俗描写研究之丰富性与精确性、田野考察之可学性与可操作性、民俗学研究之献身性与交心工程性四个方面来考察 ,王建章教授的《中国南楚民俗学》是区域民族描写民俗学的优秀著作。     

大学生权利保障：权力和权利辨析的视角

当下大学生的权利被广泛关注，但是大学生的权利却往往不能得到很好的保障和维护，其中一个重要原因就是大学生缺乏一个强有力的权力保障。在我国高等教育的现实中，大学生在学校管理中的权力却微乎其微。权利必须用权力来维护和保障。由此，应正视权利和权力的本质区别；在学校管理中赋予大学生合法的地位和身份，给予其参与管理学校的权力；组建大学生自治组织，用相对独立的权力维护其权利，从而加强大学生在学校管理中的权力来使大学生权利得到根本性的保障和维护。     

浅谈中外合作办学学校需妥善处理的三方面关系

中外合作办学是中国教育国际化战略的重大探索,也是一项教育系统工程。中外合作办学学校作为教育实施的主体,妥善处理与政府教育主管部门、学生及其家长、行业中介组织的关系,是学校健康和谐发展的关键。学校要在政府的宏观调控下承担教育主体的责任;维护受教育者权益,创建学校的教育品牌;并注意适当发挥行业中介的作用。     

中学历史教师继续教育存在的问题及对策

中学教师继续教育工程已全面展开.在对中学历史教师继续教育的实践过程中,我们发现尚存在观念滞后、学员缺乏学习的动机、师资队伍不适应、经费紧张等问题.针对这些问题,应采取相应的对策更新观念、采取灵活的培训方法、加强师资队伍建设、完善评估体系、严格管理、增加投入等.     

人力资源开发与高校办学定位

教育是人力资源开发的主导形式,高校办学定位直接影响着人才培养的类型和规格。适应科学技术的发展和社会经济增长方式的转变,高校办学定位必须与时俱进,不断调整和革新。在当前和今后相当长一段时间,高师院校必须走“以师为本、综合发展”之路。     

提升高校校报影响力初探

信息时代,高校新闻媒体由传统的纸质媒体——校报一枝独秀到眼下的校报、广播台、电视台、新闻网站四驾齐驱,校报主流媒体的地位已受到严峻挑战,尤其是与网络新闻相比,校报往往扮演着"迟到的重复者"的角色。在如是新形势下,校报要生存发展,继续起到主流媒体的主导作用,惟有改革创新,提升自身影响力。     

Interplay between Friends' Aggression and Friendship Quality in the Development of Child Aggression during the Early School Years

The aim of this study was to investigate the unique and combined role of friendship quality and friends' aggression in regard to the persistence of young children's physical aggression from kindergarten to grade 2. The sample included 1555 children (808 girls) assessed annually using teacher ratings. Two theoretical perspectives (i.e., the social learning and the social bonding perspectives) served as frameworks to guide the analyses and interpret the results. In line with the social learning perspective, friends' aggression was related to a significant increase in children's physical aggression. However, in line with the social bonding perspective, good friendship quality played both a compensatory and a protective role, by, respectively, reducing children's initial level of physical aggression and by mitigating, albeit marginally, the associations between friends' and children's physical aggression. These results suggest that fostering a positive relationship between friends in the early school years may decrease physical aggression even if the friends are aggressive.     

一种新型的教学方式—Web教学

Web教学是一种新型的教学方式,在发达国家已开始走向实用。然而在我国的发展却相对来说比较滞后,至今仍处于试验阶段,本文以四个部分来讨论Web教学的方式和方法。第一部分对Web教学的特点进行了分析;第二部分对Web上如何组织、制作和使用课件作了一般的说明;第三部分则对Web教学过程中教师、学生和网页设计三个基本要素进行了分析;最后一部分提出了在进行Web教学时应注意的一些问题。     

Bayesian Proportional Hazard Analysis of the Timing of High School Dropout Decisions

In this paper, I study the timing of high school dropout decisions using data from High School and Beyond. I propose a Bayesian proportional hazard analysis framework that takes into account the specification of piecewise constant baseline hazard, the time-varying covariate of dropout eligibility, and individual, school, and state level random effects in the dropout hazard. I find that students who have reached their state compulsory school attendance ages are more likely to drop out of high school than those who have not reached compulsory school attendance ages. Regarding the school quality effects, a student is more likely to drop out of high school if the school she attends is associated with a higher pupil–teacher ratio or lower district expenditure per pupil. An interesting finding of the paper that comes along with the empirical results is that failure to account for the time-varying heterogeneity in the hazard, in this application, results in upward biases in the duration dependence estimates. Moreover, these upward biases are comparable in magnitude to the well-known downward biases in the duration dependence estimates when the modeling of the time-invariant heterogeneity in the hazard is absent.     

Improving Risk Management: From Lame Excuses to Principled Practice

The three classic pillars of risk analysis are risk assessment (how big is the risk and how sure can we be?), risk management (what shall we do about it?), and risk communication (what shall we say about it, to whom, when, and how?). We propose two complements as important parts of these three bases: risk attribution (who or what addressable conditions actually caused an accident or loss?) and learning from experience about risk reduction (what works, and how well?). Failures in complex systems usually evoke blame, often with insufficient attention to root causes of failure, including some aspects of the situation, design decisions, or social norms and culture. Focusing on blame, however, can inhibit effective learning, instead eliciting excuses to deflect attention and perceived culpability. Productive understanding of what went wrong, and how to do better, thus requires moving past recrimination and excuses. This article identifies common blame‐shifting “lame excuses” for poor risk management. These generally contribute little to effective improvements and may leave real risks and preventable causes unaddressed. We propose principles from risk and decision sciences and organizational design to improve results. These start with organizational leadership. More specifically, they include: deliberate testing and learning—especially from near‐misses and accident precursors; careful causal analysis of accidents; risk quantification; candid expression of uncertainties about costs and benefits of risk‐reduction options; optimization of tradeoffs between gathering additional information and immediate action; promotion of safety culture; and mindful allocation of people, responsibilities, and resources to reduce risks. We propose that these principles provide sound foundations for improving successful risk management.