论科学技术的政治功能

科学技术是政治文明进步的杠杆,在政治意识文明、政治制度文明和政治行为文明的进步中,科学技术具有十分重要的作用。政治家是政治文明的总设计师,是政治意识文明的倡导者、政治制度文明的建立者和政治行为文明的发起者。政治家在决策中同样受到科学技术发展的影响。同时对科学技术作用于政治文明的机制进行了分析。     

Fuzzy epistemology: Decolonizing the social sciences

This article first argues that the social sciences need to be decolonized, as the current epistemologies and research methodologies are too narrowly based on the European and North American experiences and hence unable to adequately capture non-European experiences and realities. I then argue that decolonizing dominant social science epistemology means freeing it from its Aristotelian foundation. The next step undertaken is to discuss five non-Western epistemologies from West Africa, China, Melanesia, India, and South America. Building on the work of Jimi Adesina (2002), I find that all five share a fuzzy perception of reality, allowing for statements that are non-exclusive, non-discrete, and hence fuzzy. I propose an operationalization of these fuzzy epistemologies by applying Charles Ragin's Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fscqa).     

Critical Reflections on the March for Science

Using MacKendrick (2017) as a springboard, this essay explores the March for Science as an example of social mobilization. I lay out some concerns regarding the use of this tactic as a response to attacks on science and suggest some ways sociology could contribute to the development of more efficacious actions to address the denigration of scientific knowledge.     

Career Assessment and Counseling for STEM: A Critical Review

Career counselors must continually enhance their knowledge and skills to assist clients contemplating careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Therefore, the authors review STEM disciplines and theory‐driven strategies for assisting diverse individuals to explore, enter, and persist in STEM careers. Appropriate use of career assessments can contribute greatly to this effort. To identify available measures for STEM‐focused domains and constructs, the authors conducted a journal content analysis of stand‐alone STEM‐related career assessments from 1983 to 2016, identifying 39 articles with 153 measures. Notable results included the emergence of social cognitive theory and social cognitive career theory as prevailing frameworks for instrument development, a wide variety of disciplines and journals represented, an underrepresentation of minority samples, and untapped potential for cross‐discipline and researcher–practitioner collaboration. Useful strategies and resources for counselors and recommendations for enhancing career assessments and interventions are addressed.     

《论法的精神》的当下意义——也评“中国法学向何处去”

《论法的精神》概括的由地理、经济、宗教等因素决定的良宪论是其核心精神,也是法治标准的核心标准,而中国现阶段的法治标准缺少这样的核心内容。中国古代政体历经君主政体、准君主政体和专制政体三个阶段,缺少宪政的阶级结构和经济基础。《论法的精神》的权力制约思想对我国现阶段仍有重大启迪意义。另外,《论法的精神》的比较研究方法、唯物主义方法、综合系统方法对我国法学有很大的借鉴作用。对＂中国法学何处去＂的回答,要点在于对中国现在国情的研究。     

应用心理硕士与应用心理学硕士培养方案的比较

应用心理硕士作为新开设的专业性硕士学位,与学术性学位中的应用心理学硕士有相似之处。文章对西南大学应用心理硕士专业学位研究生培养方案与其应用心理学硕士学术学位研究生培养方案进行了比较,剖析了二者的异同。     

Integrating Behavioral Science with Human Factors to Address Process Safety

ABSTRACT

Applying the science of human factors to eliminate error across all aspects of process design, management, operation, and maintenance has been a focus in the process safety area for many years. Human error has been attributed as a major cause of many high profile catastrophic accidents around the world. These accidents have resulted in national and international attention, which has led to a focus on improving organizational capabilities, systems, and in many cases, governmental regulations around human factors. This article provides a review of the field of human factors highlighting various topics in the literature, and introduces governmental regulatory bodies currently engaging organizations in a scientific approach to human factors. Finally, the need for integrating behavioral science methodologies with human factors is addressed. This is done with specific focus on how Organizational Behavior Management methodologies can work in concert with human factors to optimize process safety.     

复杂科学对教育研究的方法论意义

传统的思维方式日益显露出缺陷和有限性的弊端。复杂科学的引进,要求我们超越传统思维方式,把教育看作一个复杂的、稳定的而又动态、自我发展的系统,为我们进行教育研究提供了新的视角和思维方式。教育研究本身的复杂性,也要求我们以一种复杂的思维方式来进行。     

论科学技术的实践本质

科学（认识自然）、技术（改造自然）是实践的两种基本形式。科学技术作为实践体现了合规律性与合目的性的统一、物的尺度与人的尺度的统一、真善美的统一。     

公共政策价值的政治学分析

公共政策是政府为解决公共问题,对政府目标、手段的选择及其相互转换的过程,即利益调整的政治和技术过程。价值是主客体关系中表现出来的客体之于主体的意义和效用。就公共政策的价值而言,赋予公共政策利益优先的价值取向,在利益优先的前提下,选择、分配利益、综合和落实利益,最终达到平衡利益,解决公众问题。以利益为基础的公共政策价值分析无疑揭示了公共政策的本质,也为公共政策价值判断建立了一个客观参照系,为政府行为的良性循环引领方向。