21世纪初中美制造能力差距缩小的证据及战略含义

本文对1998-2005年中美两国制造业内部结构进行了深入的比较,有三个重要的发现:一是中美制造能力差距在这七年间缩小的幅度是惊人的,即中国制造业增加值从为美国的13%提高到52%,到2007年则进一步上升到76%.二是中国制造业劳动力数增加了50%,其中资本和技术密集型制造业的劳动力增加数超过了劳动密集型制造业;而美国制造业则经历了劳动力数的减少.三是中国制造业劳动生产率提高了2.78倍,远高于美国49.5%.显然,中国制造能力迅速缩小与美国的差距意味着工业发展水平的提高,并使世界工业实力重排座次.     

Advanced Networked Technologies in the U.K. Voluntary Sector

Advanced networked technologies have the potential to support deep strategic and operational transformation within voluntary organizations as they seek to respond to shifts in the social, economic, and political spheres in which they operate. Evidence form our study of U.K. voluntary organizations demonstrates relatively low uptake of the core networking technologies and applications essential to support such transformation. Friends of the Earth and The Samaritans are exceptions to this trend. Case studies of these organizations demonstrate that they are using advanced networked technologies to reconfigure key information flows and relationships, in support of enhanced campaigning and more effective user services. The extent to which these organizations are able to exploit the transformational potential that the technologies present is tempered by historically institutionalized relationships and values by which they are characterized.     

论第三部门的发展与政府改革之间的互动

20世纪80年代以来,政治领域内的民主化改革和经济领域内的市场化改革为中国第三部门的成长提供了制度上的空间与生存的土壤,全球性的“社团革命”之火在中华大地上已呈现出燎原之势。通过考察我国第三部门的发展轨迹,可以清楚地看到第三部门的发展与政府改革之间呈现出一种良性的互动关系。这种互动关系具体表现为:一方面,政府改革运动为第三部门的发展提供制度诱因与生存空间;另一方面,第三部门的发展又为政府改革创造了良好的社会环境。     

Employability management practices in the Polish ICT sector

This article examines current career thinking and employability management practices within the Polish Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. The aim of this contribution is to identify career management problems and to determine obstacles for implementing employability management practices at a company level. Semi-structured interviews aimed at establishing company needs were conducted with 18 managers of small and medium-sized ICT enterprises in Poland. These firms appear to apply various developmental approaches to stimulate competitive advantage. Faced with a more demanding environment, firms aim for versatility rather than adopting simplified solutions. Managing the careers and employability of ICT professionals is acknowledged as vitally important for the survival and development of ICT companies.     

Breaking the Perverse Health-debt Cycle in Sri Lanka: Policy Options

This paper proposes a finite mixture model to examine how health adversities influence indebtedness of Sri Lankan households. After accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, our empirical analysis reveals that households headed by ill-health members and those with hospitalization are inevitably more vulnerable to indebtedness. The ill-health status of other working-age members also creates milder effects on household indebtedness. We confirm that the health-debt cycle is more severe for urban households, compared to their rural counterparts. The study is testimony to re-emphasizing the role of government in providing much-needed financial protection to vulnerable households and implementing differentiated-policy packages for urban and rural sectors in order to effectively break the health-debt cycle.     

Trade and jobs in Europe: The role of mode 5 service exports

Over the past two decades, EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports of goods and services has increased markedly, with a shift towards jobs supported by services exported as part of manufactured goods. The authors seek further insight into this trend through the full decomposition of trade flows using a multi‐regional input–output model and the World Input–Output Database for 40 countries and 35 industries over the period 1995–2011. Their findings call for reflection by policy‐makers regarding the four traditional modes of service supply under the General Agreement on Trade in Services with a view to adequately capturing this new reality in global trade.     

Logistics and procurement outsourcing in the healthcare sector: A comparative analysis

As outsourcing ventures become more complex, opportunities for synergies and efficiencies increase, but also create longer and more fragmented supply chains which could have disastrous consequences, particularly in a healthcare context. This study investigates the implications of outsourcing on healthcare supply chains by comparing two alternatives: outsourcing from public-to-private and outsourcing from public-to-public. A conceptual framework, adapted from previous literature, has been employed to provide a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and consider the implications of logistics and procurement outsourcing on the healthcare supply chain structure and performance. The study presents a European cross-country comparison, analysing both the National Health Service (NHS) outsourcing in England (public-to-private outsourcing) and the Regional Health Service (RHS) outsourcing in the Tuscany region (Italy) (public-to-public outsourcing). Specificities and commonalities of the two outsourcing experiences provide suggestions for managers and policy-makers and enhance the current knowledge of outsourcing in the public healthcare sector.     

Determinants of Charitable Donations to Large U.S. Higher Education,Hospital, and Scientific Research NPOs: New Evidence from Panel Data

We provide improved evidence on effects that fund-raising, government support, and program revenue of U.S. higher education, hospital, and scientific research nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have on donations to those NPOs and provide improved estimates of price elasticities of donations to, and donor demand for output of, those NPOs. Applying econometric tests, we find the best-specified model is two-way fixed effects, which controls for organization-specific and time-specific factors. Results suggest that U.S. higher education, hospital, and scientific research NPOs fund-raise to the point where the marginal fund-raising dollar brings in zero dollars of donations, donor demand for output of hospitals and scientific research NPOs is price inelastic and price elastic, respectively, and results are not sensitive to specification of price.     

中国城镇化对建筑业碳排放影响的时空差异

在分析城镇化对建筑业碳排放影响机理的基础上,采用LMDI分解法将城镇化对建筑业碳排放的影响分解为规模效应（包括固定资产投资效益效应、居民收入效应、人口密度效应和空间规模效应）、结构效应和技术效应,并进一步分析各效应对城镇化不同阶段及各个省市建筑业碳排放的影响。研究结果表明:（1）从时间上看,在城镇化由初级发展到中级再到高级阶段的过程中,固定资产投资效益效应和结构效应的作用程度均不断增强,不同的是前者具有促进作用（1 937.11万吨、12 941.27万吨、36 948.37万吨）,后者具有抑制作用（-413.69万吨、-13 824.62万吨、-14 149.08万吨）;其余效应的作用程度均呈现"倒U形"变化趋势,但是作用方向不同,其中居民收入效应（-180.41万吨、-1 862.58万吨、-522.86万吨）和人口密度效应（-298.85万吨、-5 303.46万吨、-1 538.78万吨）均具有抑制作用,空间规模效应具有促进作用（1 654.67万吨、13 750.80万吨、6 013.79万吨）,技术效应则先促进后抑制（3 805.32万吨、32 526.22万吨、-9 053.30万吨）。（2）从空间上看,固定资产投资效益效应在处于城镇化高级阶段以及初级、中级阶段的省市分别具有促进和抑制作用,贡献程度均非常突出（第一位或第二位）;居民收入效应在经济发达省市具有抑制作用,欠发达省市仍具有促进作用,贡献微弱;人口密度效应仅在北京、天津、上海、河北具有促进作用,贡献程度较小（多为第五位）;空间规模效应在各省市均具有促进作用,特别是在中级阶段的省市贡献较突出（前三位）;结构效应贡献也非常突出（第一位或第二位）,在各省市的作用方向与固定资产投资效益效应相反;技术效应仅在江苏、新疆具有抑制作用,在各省市作用程度差异较大。认为,政府应依据所处城镇化阶段,有针对性地制定低碳城镇发展规划和建筑业节能减排措施的政策。     

公共部门员工荣誉激励困境及效果提升研究

荣誉激励对组织发展具有不可忽视的价值.文章采用文献分析、深度访谈、问卷调查等方法,深入分析公共部门员工荣誉激励实施中所存在的荣誉认知偏差、激励对象对荣誉激励缺乏足够追求、激励方式方法不科学、激励环境不佳等四大现实困境,在此基础上提出发挥荣誉激励有效性需满足的五个条件,并进一步提出了控制荣誉评选数量、规范荣誉激励程序与方法、建立科学的绩效考核制度、采取更加富有个性化和人性化的激励方式、打造积极进取的组织文化和建立组织成员参与荣誉评选的平台等六条针对性的对策建议.