Attachment and joint attention in infants: The role of expectation

Previous research highlighted the correlation between parent–infant's attachment quality and joint attention skills. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is by mediating the expectation component in Internal Working Models that the quality of attachment style can affect joint attention. At first, 12- to 20-month-old infants were classified into secure and insecure groups using the Strange Situation Procedure. On a following day, using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, infants were habituated to two joint attention videos. Finally, the mean looking time duration of secure and insecure infants were compared with each other between two “divergent attention” and “joint attention” videos. Infants looked longer for divergent attention videos suggesting they did have expectation regarding the appropriate response in triadic interactions. In line with our main hypothesis, secure infants, but not insecure ones, looked longer in the divergent attention situation when an attachment-related context was present, revealing the possible mediating role of “expectations” in the correlation between attachment and joint attention.     

No Lloro Pero me Acuerdo: Hidden Voices in a Psychological Model

Research on loss of land for Northern New Mexican Hispanos and clinical work with La Raza populations indicated a connection between past and present historical and psychological issues, motivating the development of the multidimensional model of Hispano attachment to and loss of land. The model, however, did not entirely capture the abuse leveled on Hispanos and lacked inclusion of similar experiences among other La Raza populations. This article exposes events embedded in the model—patterns, voices, and coping strategies—that provide a glimpse of more than 400 years of collective historical trauma sustained by La Raza and that is based on a Manifest Destiny colonization, beginning with the conquest of Mexico and running to current racial profiling. It also describes the evolution of the model to include the overarching La Raza population.     

A Friend In Deed? Can Adolescent Girls Be Taught to Understand Relational Bullying?

Relational aggression is common among girls. It can be distressing for the victim and may not always be recognised as a form of bullying. This paper evaluates a school–based intervention designed to help girls understand relational bullying. Girls from a single‐sex school completed a two‐stage evaluation of the intervention. Students showed greater awareness of relational bullying after the intervention and indicated that it would influence them to change their behaviour. At follow‐up, retention of knowledge was good. Students reported greater self‐monitoring of behaviour and less exclusivity. While this is encouraging, we cannot conclude that all negative behaviours ceased. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neither bridging nor bonding: A test of socialization effects by ethnically diverse voluntary associations on participants' inter-ethnic tolerance,inter-ethnic trust and intra-ethnic belonging

The distinction between bridging and bonding associations is a cornerstone of social capital research. Nevertheless, this study is the first to provide a direct test of the socialization mechanism that supposedly causes ethnically mixed (bridging) associations to generate interethnic tolerance and trust, and homogenous (bonding) associations to cement self-affirming identities.This multilevel analysis of the Citizenship, Involvement & Democracy (CID) 1999/2000 survey data on Mannheim (Germany), Enschede (the Netherlands), and Aberdeen (Scotland) covers 3166 active participants in 645 associations. The CID includes objective, exogenous measures of each association's composition and aim. Socialization and self-selection effects are pulled apart through interactions with detailed measures of associational involvement.The results display no evidence for (diverse and homogenous) associations as socializing agents. Although inter-ethnic tolerance is higher in ethnically diverse associations, this should be attributed to self-selection effects.     

Reminiscing Style During Conversations About Emotion‐laden Events and Effects of Attachment Security Among Italian Mother–Child Dyads

Previous research has established that mothers' and children's elaborative/evaluative styles during conversations about emotion‐laden events are associated with a range of social‐cognitive accomplishments, and this has prompted researchers to identify factors that predict stylistic differences in conversation styles. The study explored whether patterns and variations in reminiscing styles reported in other cultures would be observed in an Italian sample (N = 40 dyads). Attachment security, assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview for mothers and the Q‐Sort for children, were tested as possible sources of variation in conversation style. The two reminiscing styles identified through a clustering procedure were consistent with those displayed by dyads from other cultural groups; moreover, these were significantly related to both mothers' and children's attachment security. These results extend knowledge on reminiscing conversations during early childhood to a different cultural context and contribute to an understanding of how individual differences in attachment affect partners' participation in such conversations.     

安全的多层门限秘密共享方案

考虑到多层组织共享秘密,设计了多层门限秘密共享方案。本文方案安全性基于RSA密码体制、Sham ir门限方案以及哈希函数的安全性。方案中,秘密份额由参与者选择和保存,秘密分发者也不知晓。每个参与者只须维护一个秘密份额,可实现对多个秘密的共享。方案不需要安全信道,算法能够保障信息安全传送以及验证真实性。     

试论文献资源保障体系的建立与共享

文献是人类社会进步的印证和推动力 ,文献资源保障体系是保证图书情报事业发展的必要条件。本文分析了文献资源保障体系建设的现状 ,并阐释了文献资源共享对文献保障体系建设的要求     

2008年北京奥运会建设的安全防灾问题研究——兼议公众奥运安全文化教育的思路

20 0 8年的北京奥运会要“举办成为一届历史上最出色的奥运会”。据此 ,本文从北京奥运场馆规划战略的可持续发展要素中的安全问题入手 ,论证了安全减灾是实现“一流奥运”的重要保障条件 ,并从综合减灾的多侧面研究了“安全奥运”观指导下的规划管理思路     

Social Factors in the Development of Autobiographical Memory: The State of the Art

This review addresses theory and research on the role of self understanding, language, theory of mind, attachment security, and parental style in children’s autobiographical memory development. Social‐cognitive factors appear to interact with parental style in producing children’s first verbal memories. Emotional factors, such as attachment security, may also prove to be critical for the socialization of life histories. Further longitudinal studies will be necessary to examine individual differences in the growth of this complex and multiply determined skill.     

基于PKI技术的学分制管理系统的安全解决方案

针对目前学分制网络管理系统中存在的安全性问题进行了讨论,并运用PKI技 术提出了一套可行的改进方案。该方案对用户的身份验证采用了数字证书管理,对关键数据 进行数字签名,数据传输采用了安全连接,实现了数据真实性、完整性、不可否认性。目前 越来越多的高校实行学分制改革,该方案的实施对保证学分制的安全性具有一定的实用性和 借鉴性。