老年人夫妻依恋的特点及其与心理健康的关系研究

目的:探讨中国文化背景下老年人夫妻依恋类型,并比较其对心理健康的影响?方法:采用方便取样与入户访问相结合的方式,对260名老年人进行夫妻依恋问卷和孤独感量表调查?结果:①老年人孤独感平均得分为1.95分,总体处于较低水平;地区差异?居住状况和月收入水平对其有显著影响?其中,城镇居住?群居以及较高的收入水平可以降低老年人孤独感?②聚类分析表明,老年人夫妻依恋模式分为安全型?焦虑型和回避型,并且,安全型占主导?③以孤独感为心理健康指标,发现老年人夫妻依恋类型对孤独感有显著影响?在此指标上安全型得分最低而另外两种类型无差异?结论:有效形成老年人安全型依恋模式可以提高其心理健康水平,这对于实现积极老龄化有重要意义?     

深化国企改革 促进人的解放

从经济学和社会发展角度分析,改革的目的不仅仅是为了解放生产力和发展生产力,更在于人的解放。传统的计划经济体制中最核心的关系是国有企业中的依附关系,改革20多年来,中国社会最根本的变化是削弱了公民的依附关系。     

近代日本侵略亚洲国家思想探源——-以福泽谕吉及其“脱亚入欧”思想为中心

“脱亚入欧”思想产生于19世纪后半叶的日本,福泽谕吉是其主要代表人物。他全盘接受了近代西方的“文明史观”及“欧洲中心论”,形成了“文明=欧美”、“野蛮=亚洲”以及“脱儒=脱亚”的思维模式,为“脱亚入欧”思想提供了理论基础。福泽谕吉于1885年发表的《脱亚论》不仅标志着“脱亚入欧”思想的正式出台,而且把这种思想推向了对外侵略的方向,在客观上对甲午战争的爆发发挥了舆论先导的作用。探讨和分析福泽谕吉形成“脱亚入欧”思想的认识根源、逻辑前提以及《脱亚论》发表的影响等问题,将有助于认识近代日本多次对亚洲国家发动侵略战争的思想渊源。     

基于信任和可靠性的P2P安全路由算法

安全有效的路由算法是P2P网络的关键技术之一.针对目前大多数P2P路由算法没有考虑安全性问题,并且采用随机选择下一跳节点的方法会降低路由效率,给出了一种新的P2P安全路由算法.该算法采用信任度与路径可靠性指导下一跳节点的选择,以建立安全有效的路由路径,并且引入加密、多路径传输等方法以抑制篡改、窃听等典型攻击.模拟实验结果表明,该路由算法的路由效率要优于Gnutella,安全性能好.     

A Family Therapist's Look Into Interpersonal Neurobiology and the Adolescent Brain: An Interview With Dr Daniel Siegel

Advances in brain research are increasingly having an impact on clinical interventions in all fields of psychotherapy. For adolescent family therapists it is important not only to understand the developing adolescent brain, but also how brain research can influence interventions aimed at interrupting problematic familial interactions. Interpersonal neurobiology and the ideas of Dr Daniel Siegel synthesise the interpersonal with the scientific, offering practical clinical methods of incorporating the research into everyday practice. This article incorporates a verbatim interview with Dr Siegel about the adolescent brain, interpersonal neurobiology and attachment with an outline of key concepts from interpersonal neurobiology including the hand model of the brain, nine functions of the prefrontal cortex, the triangle of wellbeing and eight domains of integration. Clinical applications are suggested using a common presenting problem of escalating conflict between teenagers and their parents.     

Measuring Infant‐Mother Attachment: Is the Strange Situation Enough?

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a new procedure for assessing infant-mother attachment. Sixty children (34 in child care) and their mothers were seen in the Strange Situation (SS) at 17 months and in a new attachment assessment, the California Attachment Procedure (CAP), which does not involve mother-child separations, at 18 months. Overall, children were more likely to be classified as secure in the CAP (83% vs. 67%), but this was particularly true for children with experience in routine nonmaternal care. Of the children in nonmaternal care who were insecure in the SS, 91% were secure in the CAP, whereas of the maternal-care children who were insecure in the SS, only 44% were secure in the CAP. Attachment security in the CAP was more highly correlated with observed maternal sensitivity than was attachment security in the SS, particularly for children in nonmaternal care.     

Being there: a family centre worker's role as a secure base for adolescent girls in crisis

Childcare social work practice with troubled adolescent girls can benefit from drawing on attachment theory, not only as a frame-work for understanding their relationship history and current behaviour but also as a framework for defining the nature and potential value of a specific kind of relationship provided by the social worker. This paper offers an analysis of the relevance of attachment theory for work with adolescent girls, particularly models of secure and insecure attachments, and examines practice experience in a family centre setting. The young women referred to the family centre had experienced a range of adversities, including sexual, physical and emotional abuse, which had seriously affected their development. They were drifting outside the systems of family, education and local authority care, because none of these could hold onto them. The paper describes how the social worker aimed to change their internal working model by offering them a different kind of relationship experience. She provided a secure base from which they could begin to develop trust, to repair their self-esteem and to build a sense of self-efficacy – the necessary ingredients for resilience and for more successful future relationships.     

中国小说理论与批评的哲性因子

“依经论文”、“依道论文”在中国古代小说评论中是一个重要的角度和原则,这些论述都在强调小说的思想性即哲性因子。那么,这是否就意味着中国古代文化人对小说就不采取“依史论文”的视角和原则呢?当然不是。余虹先生以及持相同见解的先生的观点是有大量史料为基础的,我们之所以特别突出地强调中国古代小说理论与批评中的哲性因子,是意在与余虹先生的见解构成互补,以防止偏误和片面的认识。     

Gender,Family Structure,and Adolescents’ Primary Confidants

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 4,190), this study examined adolescents’ reports of primary confidants. Results showed that nearly 30% of adolescents aged 16 – 18 nominated mothers as primary confidants, 25% nominated romantic partners, and 20% nominated friends. Nominating romantic partners or friends was related to increased risk‐taking behaviors, supporting the attachment notion that shifting primary confidants to peers in adolescence may reflect premature autonomy from parents. Tendencies to prefer romantic partners over parents varied by gender and family structure, which were greater for those from single‐father families and girls from mother‐stepfather families, but less for those from single‐mother families and boys from mother‐stepfather families, compared with their counterparts from two‐biological‐parent families.     

企业财务预警系统探析

构建一个有效的企业财务预警系统,对企业财务运营的正常进行十分必要。