关于国家人才安全战略的思考

由于各种因素的影响,当前中国人才安全的现状不容乐观,人才总量相对不足,高层次人才大量流失,人才法律不完善、管理机制不健全等问题,制约了中国的可持续发展。因此,应从人才战略思维、法律法规与管理机制等方面着手,加大培养人才力度,优化人才环境,维护国家的人才安全,积极应对国际人才竞争,确保经济与社会的可持续发展和整体战略目标的实现。     

全球化时代地缘政治安全观念的转变

在传统地缘政治安全观念中,国家对权力的追求或者利用权力达到安全的目的一直是主流的地缘政治观,在这种地缘政治观念的指导之下,国家间的发展模式基本上是冲突性质的。然而,全球化的发展打破了国家领土与边界的限制,科学技术的迅猛发展成为重要的"中介变量",有助于克服传统地缘政治安全观的"力量损失梯度"的限制,有助于国家利益范围的拓展,有助于增强国家间的共同利益。因此,在全球化的背景下,通过国家利益的拓展、科学技术的进步以及经济全球化的作用,合作性地缘政治安全观具有了实现的可能。     

北京市旅游安全保障现状及对策分析

旅游安全事故的突发性、客观存在性、复杂性、紧迫性及其影响的重大性,使得旅游安全成为保障旅游活动正常进行和维护旅游业健康发展的重要因素,旅游安全保障体系的构建势在必行。因此,构建由旅游安全政策法规体系、旅游安全预警体系、旅游安全救援体系和旅游保险体系四个子体系组成、多路径主体共同参与的北京旅游安全保障体系尤为重要。     

水资源与南亚地区安全

水资源短缺以及因水资源争夺所造成的国家之间的紧张关系一直威胁着南亚地区的安全与稳定。多年来南亚各国在处理水资源问题方面试图采取合作的态度,签署了一系列分享水资源的条约,但这种合作并没有完全解决该地区水资源纠纷。由于该地区安全环境较为复杂,一旦水资源问题处理不好,将可能成为南亚地区安全新的隐患。如何加强合作、解决跨国界水资源利用问题以维护南亚地区的安全与稳定,已经成为南亚各国的迫切任务。     

张之洞利权思想对我国国家经济安全的启示

分析了张之洞的利权思想;针对我国国有企业引资中出现的股权和知识产权问题以及外资冲击民族工业和危及国家经济安全的现状,主张大胆借鉴张之洞的利权思想,并提出了具体的对策。     

Rising food security concerns among New Zealand adolescents and association with health and wellbeing

The current paper explores recent changes in food insecurity among adolescents and determine if food security concerns are associated with poorer wellbeing. Data were collected as part of two nationally representative surveys of the health and wellbeing of high-school students in New Zealand in 2007 and 2012. In 2012, 11% of young people reported food security concerns often or always, with 33% reporting food security concerns occasionally/sometimes. The prevalence of food security concerns at both frequencies increased significantly from 2007 (8% and 28%, respectively). Young people with food security concerns were more likely to report poor indicators of health and wellbeing, including truancy, poor general health, mental health concerns and obesity. Our findings highlight the growing concerns of food insecurity reported by adolescents in New Zealand. Interventions that address food security for families may provide a tangible means of promoting the healthy development of children and young people.     

Reforming against all odds: Multi‐pillar pension systems in the Czech Republic and Romania

Attempts to replace pay‐as‐you‐go pension schemes with private funded systems came to a halt in Central and Eastern Europe after 2005. However, more recently, the region has witnessed two belated reformers: the Czech Republic and Romania. Both countries decided to partially privatize pensions despite the rising tide of evidence concerning the challenges associated with the policy. We argue that while part of the domestic political elite remained supportive of private funded pensions, the difficulties experienced by earlier reformers and reduced support from International Financial Institutions led to the adoption of small funded pension pillars. Such cautious attempts at privatization might become more common in the future as large reforms have proven politically unsustainable.     

Evaluating the Possible Impact of Pension Reforms on Elderly Poverty in Europe

Since the 1990s, reforms have changed substantially both the nature of state pension provision and the level of generosity. This article tries to assess the impact of these changes using estimates of pension wealth for a number of hypothetical cases. By focusing on all prospective pension transfers rather than just those at the point of retirement, this approach can provide additional insights, especially on the impact of changes in benefit indexation. These estimates corroborate existing evidence that reforms have decreased generosity significantly. Moves to link benefits to contributions have made systems less progressive, raising adequacy concerns for certain groups. The reforms have, in particular, strengthened the need of ensuring better access to labour markets, of having in place adequate crediting arrangements and minimum pensions.     

Deprivation and Poverty in Hong Kong

Despite high and rising real incomes, the poverty rate in Hong Kong remains a cause of community concern. The government has been reluctant to set a poverty line, although the recently (re‐)established Commission on Poverty has recommended that a poverty line for Hong Kong is developed. Against this background, this article reports results derived from a new deprivation study designed to shed new light on the living standards of the poorest in the community. Reflecting international studies, deprivation is identified as existing when people do not have and cannot afford items regarded by a majority in the community as being essential for all. A list of 35 basic needs items is identified as meeting this definition, the results indicating that around 30 per cent are deprived of at least two items, over 18 per cent are deprived of at least four items and 10 per cent are deprived of at least eight items. Deprivation rates are particularly high among items that meet basic health needs. A mean deprivation score index (MDIS) is then used to compare the degree of deprivation experienced by different groups, and indicates that deprivation is most pronounced amongst those receiving Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), people affected by a disability and recent migrants. The overlap between deprivation and income poverty is also relatively low, which suggests both measures have a role to play in identifying who is most vulnerable and guiding where policy change is most urgently needed.     

Income management in Australia: A critical examination of the evidence

The introduction of income management – sometimes called welfare quarantining – for subgroups of Australian income security recipients within the Northern Territory, and subsequently a number of other trial sites, has provoked considerable contention. The present study critically examined the arguments and evidence presented in favour of income management with particular reference to the guidelines, methodology and findings of official evaluations conducted by the Commonwealth Government. We identified five key issues that do not seem to be adequately addressed by official evaluations: choice and control, the quality of decision making, consultation with local community members, structural disadvantage and economic cost. We used these concepts to develop a proposed alternative model for assessing the impact of income management on local communities.