我国税收超增长的因素分解——基于随机生产边界模型的实证研究

利用我国31个省区1997—2009年面板数据建立随机生产边界模型,运用K-L方法进行税收的全要素生产率增长分解,结果表明:我国税收征管效率连年大幅提高是税收超增长的主要原因,潜在税基的扩张(即前沿面的外移)是税收超增长的第二推动力量;而从规模效率上来看,税收增长表现出经济发展的规模效率和人力投入的规模无效率,总体贡献值在2000年以后常年为负。应提高税收征管技术效率,进一步发挥技术进步在税收增长中的作用;并精简机构,控制税务人员数量。     

陕西农村金融资金配置效率县域差异分析

基于DEA方法和回归分析法,对2003—2012年陕西省87个县域层面农村金融资金配置的综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:县域农业贷款产值率与县域农村金融资金配置效率存在相关关系,即县域涉农贷款规模与县域农村金融资金配置效率相关。在县域资本流动总量受资本要素收益与财政金融政策双重影响条件下,资本流动的回波效应易于在自然资源欠丰裕的县域出现;而一省县域传统农业向资本较为密集的现代农业转型进程的快慢,一定程度上取决于本省农业资本流动由回波效应阶段进入扩散效应阶段之速度的快慢,这是一种需持续引入制度创新以引致制度变迁的演进过程。     

Efficient Tests Under a Weak Convergence Assumption

The asymptotic validity of tests is usually established by making appropriate primitive assumptions, which imply the weak convergence of a specific function of the data, and an appeal to the continuous mapping theorem. This paper, instead, takes the weak convergence of some function of the data to a limiting random element as the starting point and studies efficiency in the class of tests that remain asymptotically valid for all models that induce the same weak limit. It is found that efficient tests in this class are simply given by efficient tests in the limiting problem—that is, with the limiting random element assumed observed—evaluated at sample analogues. Efficient tests in the limiting problem are usually straightforward to derive, even in nonstandard testing problems. What is more, their evaluation at sample analogues typically yields tests that coincide with suitably robustified versions of optimal tests in canonical parametric versions of the model. This paper thus establishes an alternative and broader sense of asymptotic efficiency for many previously derived tests in econometrics, such as tests for unit roots, parameter stability tests, and tests about regression coefficients under weak instruments.     

台湾对大陆投资的区位选择分析 ———基于交易效率的视角

随着台商大陆投资的不断深化,投资地域范围不断扩张,海峡两岸产业转移的实证分析逐渐成为国内产业转移研究体系中有待充实的内容.以交易效率作为观察台湾产业转移大陆区域分布差异化的重要视角,尝试构造交易效率指标用以量化比较大陆各地区吸引台资的效应强度,探究两岸业界资本在考虑产业合作时的行为逻辑.透过两岸合作障碍的表象,对台湾与大陆欠发达地区产业合作困境以及大陆在承接产业移入的滞后性进行深层次的体制追问.     

试论高校思想政治教育工作精细化的基本要求——内涵深化、制度完善和效率提升

将社会主义核心价值体系的培养渗透到高校思想政治教育的日常工作中,单纯的说教模式难以产生作用。在充分尊重当代大学生成长的心理特点的基础上,进行可适应性环境的塑造是思想政治教育工作要点。推动大学生思想政治教育管理精细化,需要深化教育管理内涵,完善制度建设,注重效率提升等,通过管理理念的转变将引导教育和关爱服务充分的结合,注重全过程、全员化育人氛围的形成,从而营造更有利的青年学子发展进步的成长环境。     

Toward a valid approach to nonprofit efficiency measurement

Past literature in nonprofit management uses the overhead ratio of nonprofits as a measure of efficiency. Although the overhead ratio might measure top‐heaviness, we argue that it does not measure nonprofit efficiency. To investigate this, we use financial and operational data to rank the efficiency of Habitat for Humanity affiliates with the overhead and administrative ratio, as well as data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), two of the most popular efficiency measures. While the DEA and SFA rankings are statistically correlated, overhead ratio rankings are negatively correlated with both SFA and DEA rankings. We argue that nonprofit scholars, managers, and donors should move away from concepts and measures of efficiency based on financial ratios, and toward ones that embrace maximizing what nonprofits are able to make and do.     

基于要素禀赋结构的政府支持度对能源效率影响研究

探究政府支持度通过要素禀赋结构对能源效率的影响机制,对提高中国能源效率有重要意义。为此,利用规模报酬不变的投入导向型超效率DEA方法测算2007—2016年中国省际全要素能源效率,运用面板平滑转换模型(PSTR)研究绿色视角下以要素禀赋结构作为中间途径的政府支持度与全要素能源效率的非线性关系。结果表明:以要素禀赋结构为转换变量,政府支持度对能源效率的影响始终为正,但正效应递减。当要素禀赋结构值低于门槛值9.9324时,转换函数g(KL_it;γ,c)→0,说明地区发展过程中资本、技术的作用还未充分发挥,此时发挥政府对要素禀赋结构的调节作用,对能源效率有正影响,且弹性系数趋于0.0747。当要素禀赋结构值高于门槛值9.9324时,转换函数g(KL_it;γ,c)→1,说明地区发展过程中资本、技术发挥主要作用时,政府支持度与能源效率呈现正相关关系,且弹性系数趋于0.0523。以经济发展水平作为控制变量,在要素禀赋结构的作用下,经济发展水平对能源效率的影响始终为正,但正效应递减。因此,为充分发挥政府支持度对能源效率的积极作用,对要素禀赋结构存在差异的地区应当差别对待,调整政府支持力度。     

Improved methods for moment restriction models with data combination and an application to two-sample instrumental variable estimation

Combining-100 information from multiple samples is often needed in biomedical and economic studies, but differences between these samples must be appropriately taken into account in the analysis of the combined data. We study the estimation for moment restriction models with data combined from two samples under an ignorability-type assumption while allowing for different marginal distributions of variables common to both samples. Suppose that an outcome regression (OR) model and a propensity score (PS) model are specified. By leveraging semi-parametric efficiency theory, we derive an augmented inverse probability-weighted (AIPW) estimator that is locally efficient and doubly robust with respect to these models. Furthermore, we develop calibrated regression and likelihood estimators that are not only locally efficient and doubly robust but also intrinsically efficient in achieving smaller variances than the AIPW estimator when the PS model is correctly specified but the OR model may be mispecified. As an important application, we study the two-sample instrumental variable problem and derive the corresponding estimators while allowing for incompatible distributions of variables common to the two samples. Finally, we provide a simulation study and an econometric application on public housing projects to demonstrate the superior performance of our improved estimators. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 259–284; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada     

舞台艺术与政府行为

舞台艺术既有启迪教化的社会功能 ,又离不开政治、政府 ,她是大众的文化。娱乐舞台也是社会动员的有力武器 ,需要政府宏观调控。新中国成立以来 ,我国的艺术管理体制在文艺为人民服务、为社会主义服务 ,为满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需要 ,提高民族素质 ,促进经济发展和社会进步方面做出了巨大贡献。但同时也存在着不可回避的一些弊端 ,这些弊端既影响文化社会功能的发挥 ,也影响艺术本身的繁荣。面对社会主义市场经济 ,需要进一步推进舞台艺术的管理和制度创新。在这种创新的过程中 ,要做到改善党的领导与优化政府行为 ,做到交易成本最小化 ,实行资产重组和强强联合 ,使艺术团体成为适应市场经济的法人实体和有效率的市场经营主体 ,同时要努力实现社会公平与效率的制度化     

Use and Usability of Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly: An Observation Study in Gothenburg Sweden

To meet the demographic development, measures were initiated by the Swedish government entailing changed conditions for municipal eldercare, such as assisted living. Participant observation is used to study the daily use of common spaces in 14 assisted living units in Gothenburg. The results show examples where the current use diverges from the intended use and suggest diverging objectives and conflicts of use. The observations indicate that the degree of usability is determined by the physical environment itself in some cases, by the users and by changes in use in other cases, and by a combination of both in some cases.