两自一归纳：开展研究性学习的有效途径

回顾研究性学习的历程 ,剖析研究性学习的现状 ,有助于我们正确认识和把握新形势下研究性学习的发展趋势。只有以马克思主义人性观为基础 ,以“两自一归纳”教学模式为变式 ,才能减少或消除其操作过程中的偏差 ,促进研究性学习不断迈上新的台阶。     

“三自”德育工作模式的实践与思考

本文从分析当前我国德育工作中存在的弊端入手,指出高职学校实施学生“三自”实践的必要性及其自律性、自主性、创新性等3个特征。重点阐述了“三自”模式的3个实践策略,同时对“三自”德育实践中存在的问题作了初步的思考。     

Uncertain identities and health-risking behaviour: the case of young people and smoking in late modernity

This paper argues that 'uncertain identities' are a distinct contributing factor to the residual and intractable level of smoking among young people. Further, it argues that the significance of this factor is increased by the specific social/historical context of late modernity. Findings from research with 15 to 16 year olds in the East Midlands of England are used to explore the role that smoking is perceived to play in constructing a self identity. A voluntaristic perspective is adopted on the use of tobacco, reflecting both the focus on young people's motivation to smoke and the tendency for many young people to perceive smoking as a matter of personal choice. Smoking was found to have a symbolic significance not only in terms of the presentation of self to others but also in terms of the reflexive construction of the self by those involved. The paper analyses the role of smoking in relation to self-image, self-empowerment and self-affirmation and it is concluded that for many young people smoking has certain benefits in terms of coping with uncertain identities.     

孟子道德情感的心理透析

孟子哲学是求善的哲学."亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物"是他的崇高理想,"穷则独善其身,达则兼善天下"是他的处世原则,"舍生取义"、"杀身成仁"是他的一贯精神.这种道德情感一方面是对当时战争频仍、民不聊生的社会现实的否定和反叛,另一方面也是与其严格的道德自律、"孳孳为善"的精神追求分不开的.本文对孟子的研究,是将标志其本质特征的道德情感置放于当时社会历史进程和复杂曲折的心路历程之中,试图一方面动态地考察深刻影响他的文化环境和文化氛围,另一方面也辩证地审视他的深层心理结构,展示成就其道德情感的强大意志力量,从而把早已被"蒸发"为干巴巴的哲学原理与政治信念象征符号的孟子还原为处于多维文化视野之中的生命之躯,当作一个时代的文化心态来展开解剖,从而有助于更深刻真实地认识孟学的文化底蕴.     

鲁迅小说中的自剖体验

鲁迅自剖的一方面内容直指自己的黑暗内心 ,这里有着超乎常人的坦率 ,同时又超乎寻常地隐晦 ,这两方面奇妙而和谐地结合在一起 ,构成了《野草》和《彷徨》这两个骨子里内蕴孤独的典型自剖文本。从这一角度来进行的解读 ,特别是对于《彷徨》 ,已经开始但还远远没有引起真正的重视。在某种程度 ,鲁迅自剖的自觉和达到的深度 ,是中国文人中所绝无仅有的     

Guanxilization or categorization: psychological mechanisms contributing to the formation of the Chinese concept of “us”

中国社会心理学在面对急速的社会变迁中，需要以变迁与文化的视角来选择研究 问题，而中国社会文化中群己关系的社会心理机制，即“我们”概念的形成机制及其 转换的可能与条件，正是一个体现着双重视角的基本问题。对这一问题的探讨不仅有 助于解释社会凝聚力、群体行动的逻辑，讨论国家与个人、社会与个人、类别与个人 的关系；也有助于培植社会转型时期的社会心理资源和社会支持系统，从而促进社会 合作。与以往单一机制的分析框架不同，通过对两个个案的讨论，研究提出了一个 新的分析框架，即：中国人“我们”概念是在社会情境的启动和价值取向等因素影响之 下，经由相互交织的“关系化”与“类别化”双重过程形成的。

关键词: “我们”?概念?群己关系?关系?关系化?类别化

Faced with rapid social transformation, the discipline of social psychology in China needs to choose its research topics from the perspective of both change and culture. A basic issue reflecting precisely these two perspectives is that of the formation of the social psychology mechanism of individual‐group relations, namely the formation of the concept of “us” in Chinese society and culture, as well as the possibility and conditions for the transformation of this mechanism. Exploring this issue will not only help us to understand social cohesion and the logic of group behavior and to discuss the relationship between the state and the individual, society and the individual, and the category and the individual; it will also help cultivate social psychology resources and support systems at a time of social transition, and thus promote social cooperation.. Unlike previous analytical studies that focused on a unitary mechanism, this study uses the discussion of two cases to put forward a new framework for analysis: that is, the Chinese concept of “us” comes into being through the mingling of “guanxilization” and “categorization” under the influence of social context priming, value orientation and other factors.     

论郭璞游仙诗中的忧患意识

郭璞是两晋时期著名的文学家和杰出的训诂学家。受政治环境和文化思潮的影响，他创作了多首游仙诗以表达自己寄情仙境、向往自由的心绪，这也成为他显著的外相特征。而事实上，在其游仙诗中却蕴含着深厚的忧患意识，包括对国家命运的忧思，对黎民苦难的忧戚，对时光流逝、生命短暂、壮志难酬的忧伤感慨。     

马克思博士论文中自我意识的政治诉求

马克思在他的博士论文中把"哲学历书上最高尚的圣者和殉道者"赋予被束缚在高加索山的悬崖上的普罗米修斯,这绝不仅仅是出于他深厚的古典修养和文学浪漫主义情结。盗取天火的普罗米修斯宁肯被锁链锁在崖石上也不愿意作宙斯的忠实奴仆,以此来表明他痛恨所有的神。宗教批判是青年黑格尔派批判的出发点,"叛逆"的马克思实现了对黑格尔和其他青年黑格尔派特别是布·鲍威尔的超越,指责他们只是对宗教不痛不痒的谩骂。马克思寻求一种更为彻底,颇具颠覆性的批判,他把以伊壁鸠鲁为主的自我意识哲学放在高于一切神灵的地位,以自我意识作为批判的武器,直接剑指普鲁士封建反动统治,彰显他的政治诉求。     

陀思妥耶夫斯基:社会危机的预言家--陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作主题与现代派文学

19世纪中后期的俄国作家陀思妥耶夫斯基创作中所表现的人与外部环境、人与自我、人与人的关系,反映出他对当时人类生存状态和命运的忧虑.这一主题和20世纪西方社会危机的衍生物--现代派文学有着千丝万缕的联系,但是两者也有本质的区别.