社会系统的群体经验过程研究

社会系统理论的第三次浪潮提出一个亟待解决的问题,即如何找到一个合适的理论来描述社会过程,尤其是描述社会系统的群体经验生成过程,过程思想则为探究这个问题提供了原则性的分析工具.过程思想构建出一种经验分析模型,强调感受经验、感受经验的传递、客观经验的突现、过程因果效力的建构等层次性特征,以系统群体经验与个体经验的关系互动为基本分析对象,为描述社会系统的群体经验生成及其原因提供一条新的研究进路.     

湟中县发现的明代修筑长城题记考释

文章以湟中县新发现的修筑长城题记为线索,对题记涉及的修筑长城的工程管理、修筑长城的基本情况、修筑长城的民族族属等问题进行了初步的考释,为研究我省明代修筑长城的历史提供了重要的依据。     

The Experience of Trauma Recovery: A Qualitative Study of Participants in the Women Recovering from Abuse Program (WRAP)

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of intensive group treatment programs for child maltreatment has been established. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand how women with a history of child maltreatment experienced the Women Recovering from Abuse Program (WRAP), an existing intensive group treatment program. Seven women were interviewed following their participation in WRAP. Three themes emerged: Breaking Trauma-Based Patterns, Doing Therapy, and The Healing Journey as a Continuous Process. These findings deepen our understanding about how participants view the recovery process. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.     

Increasing the sample size at interim for a two‐sample experiment without Type I error inflation

For the case of a one‐sample experiment with known variance σ²=1, it has been shown that at interim analysis the sample size (SS) may be increased by any arbitrary amount provided: (1) The conditional power (CP) at interim is ?50% and (2) there can be no decision to decrease the SS (stop the trial early). In this paper we verify this result for the case of a two‐sample experiment with proportional SS in the treatment groups and an arbitrary common variance. Numerous authors have presented the formula for the CP at interim for a two‐sample test with equal SS in the treatment groups and an arbitrary common variance, for both the one‐ and two‐sided hypothesis tests. In this paper we derive the corresponding formula for the case of unequal, but proportional SS in the treatment groups for both one‐sided superiority and two‐sided hypothesis tests. Finally, we present an SAS macro for doing this calculation and provide a worked out hypothetical example. In discussion we note that this type of trial design trades the ability to stop early (for lack of efficacy) for the elimination of the Type I error penalty. The loss of early stopping requires that such a design employs a data monitoring committee, blinding of the sponsor to the interim calculations, and pre‐planning of how much and under what conditions to increase the SS and that this all be formally written into an interim analysis plan before the start of the study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

保安花儿略论

保安族是甘青特有民族之一，有着特殊的民族历史进程。保安族花儿因保安令及其独特声调使之在河州型花儿中个性突出；保安族花儿的习成及特色与该族群的地理演变和历史进程有密切关系；同时，保安族花儿艺术的习成又影响了保安族语言。     

无国籍女人:在传统与现代之间徘徊的族群

广西那坡县百省乡的壮、瑶、苗、彝等民族都有人娶越南女人为妻。这些越南女人既没有加入中国国籍,事实上又自动丧失了越南国籍,成为无国籍女人。无国籍女人在传统民间是被认同的,但是在现代国家管理体制下她们是违法者。首先,她们是非法入境者,要面临被驱逐出境的危险。其次,只要她们生育,即违反中国的非婚生育规定,必须交纳社会抚养费,这使她们被迫陷入更加困窘的境地,成为被边缘化的新族群。     

东乡族族源“撒尔塔”说商榷——兼论东乡族的形成

文章回顾了近年来东乡族族源研究状况，对各种观点进行述评，重点分析、探讨了近年较为盛行的撒尔塔人为主说，从三方面指出此说立论不足；同时从东乡族形成的社会历史背景和形成过程提出了自己的看法，并指出东乡族早期的形成过程和临夏部分回族是一致的，她们是同源异流群体。     

我国少数民族宗法制度的不同民族特点及其成因探析

我国各少数民族古近代社会存在的宗法制度,既有族权、父权、夫权、神权等各民族共有的内容,也有在具体历史条件下形成的本民族的特点。我国少数民族宗法制度的不同民族特点,表现在宗族、家族制度与地域组织结合的不同形态,女性在宗族家族中的地位及其不同表现形态,一夫多妻制和一妻多夫制的不同存在形态、多种形态的继承制度及其性质四个方面。     

论人性的个体性、群体性及类性

组成人性的任何要素都具有个体性、群体性及类性。个体之间的关系、群体之间的关系及类之间的关系实质上分别就是个体人性之间、群体人性之间及类人性与其他物类性之间的关系。个体性、群体性及类性三者之间不仅存在相辅相成的关系，而且存在互相平衡与互相制约的关系     

论南诏的文学成就

南诏建立后,结束了西南地区长期纷争割据的局面,加强了与唐中央王朝的联系,经济文化繁荣,在文学方面也取得了很大的成就。由于长期坚持不断地学习汉文化,到唐朝后期南诏已经是"礼乐具修,车书必会",由原来落后的蛮荒之地,变成了"馨香礼乐之域"。南诏的书面文学以诗歌和散文著称,已经达到了相当高的水平,多具有唐代文学的风采,不少作品流传内地,深受好评。南诏大理国文学是中国文学的组成部分之一,理应在中国文学研究领域占有一席之地。