Changes in At-Risk American Men's Crime and Substance Use Trajectories Following Fatherhood

Fatherhood can be a turning point in development and in men's crime and substance use trajectories. At-risk boys (N = 206) were assessed annually from ages 12 to 31 years. Crime, arrest, and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use trajectories were examined. Marriage was associated with lower levels of crime and less frequent substance use. Following the birth of a first biological child, men's crime trajectories showed slope decreases, and tobacco and alcohol use trajectories showed level decreases. The older men were when they became fathers, the greater the level decreases were in crime and alcohol use and the less the slope decreases were in tobacco and marijuana use. Patterns are consistent with theories of social control and social timetables.     

The Guidance Function of Cases of Misappropriation of Public Funds in Transitional China—With the Reference to Criminal Trial of the Supreme People’s Court of China as a Sample of Analysis

相对于贪污、受贿等传统型腐败犯罪, 挪用公款罪不是常态性罪名, 而是针对社 会转型刑法应对的成果。该罪的立法、司法过程中存在着诸多纠结, 这使得判例参考 的价值凸显。最高人民法院十分重视对该罪判例的公布, 这为现实裁决提供了指导和 参考作用。最近10年所公布挪用公款罪判例折射出司法的重心是: 注重主体身份的实 质公务性、从形式合理性理解“归个人使用”、慎重解释“公款”的内涵。判例公布 在有利于同案同判的同时, 也成为促进理论与实践的助推器。

关键词: 腐败犯罪 挪用公款 社会转型 判例 ?刑事审判参考?

Compared with the traditional offenses of embezzlement, bribe-taking and so on, the misappropriation of public funds is not a routine charge but a result of the response of criminal law to social transition. The fact that a number of difficulties have arisen in legislative and judicial procedures relating to this offense makes the value of case reference material significant. The Supreme People’s Court of China attaches great importance to the publication of cases of misappropriation of public funds, which offer guidance and reference for real-life adjudication. Cases publicized in the last decade reflect a judicial emphasis—they focus on the official nature of the duties performed by the subject, on understanding “for individual use” from the viewpoint of formal rationality and on a cautious interpretation of the connotations of “public funds.” Publicizing such cases facilitates reaching the same verdict in similar cases and at the same time acts as a catalyst for the advancement of theory and practice.     

两岸民用航空犯罪司法管辖权问题研究

海峡两岸的司法管辖权从对峙走向交流,经历了曲折的反复。两岸的法律制度,也沿着两条不同的轨迹发展。虽同属于大陆法系,但不同的历史发展铸就了两个不同类型的法域。这样的隔阂,必然会阻碍两岸的司法交流。基于这个缺陷,从国际民用航空违法犯罪的司法管辖权这一制度出发,介绍了大陆以及台湾民用航空违法犯罪的司法管辖权,并从两岸管辖权的比较入手,分析了两岸民用航空违法犯罪的司法管辖权异议,提出了异议的解决途径。     

Neighborhood Organizations and Resident Assistance to Police1

Police and scholars note that successful crime fighting requires police and residents to “co‐produce” public safety. However, residents are often reluctant to get involved in policing initiatives or even report crimes they witness. One possible means of stimulating resident involvement in crime‐control activities is through neighborhood organizations. This research, conducted on 1,313 residents of 42 neighborhoods in western South Carolina, investigates whether neighborhood organization participation increases the likelihood of assisting police in crime‐control efforts. Results indicate that organization participants are more likely to assist police than are nonparticipants, even after controlling for social cohesion, perceptions of police legitimacy, various policing strategies, fear of crime, and demographic factors.     

Social Worker Supervision with Novice and Experienced Workers

ABSTRACT

This empirical study compares the perceptions of social work supervisors about the needs of novice and experienced social work supervisees. The respondents, 211 supervisors in public welfare agencies in Israel, provided novice workers more supervisory time in 6 of the 8 content areas examined: administrative matters; inspection and control; inter-organizational communication; client issues; job-related tensions; and personal tensions. Projects in the community were given priority to experienced rather than novice supervisees, and professional development was regarded by the supervisors as equally important for novice and experienced workers. Comparisons were also made between the actual and preferred supervisory time allotment.     

错误汇款领得行为的刑法评价

在银行柜台或自动取款机上将钱款错误汇入他人账户,账户名义人对此明知而支取领得的,在其刑法属性的评价上存在夺取罪说、占罪说与无罪说的对立.三种学说在账户名义人对错误汇转的钱款是否具备法律上的占有、错误汇转钱款的所有权归属等存在差异.错误汇转的钱款之上即便欠缺作为原因的法律关系,账户名义人仍可不受限制地自由支取钱款,故其对钱款具备法律上的占有.汇款人将钱汇入他人账户后,便丧失了对钱款的所有权与占有,银行只不过处于钱款管理者的地位,账户名义人是钱款的所有权者.账户名义人支取钱款的行为具有权利行使的法律属性,其获取了不应有的财产利益不应作为认定构成犯罪的理由,只是在民法上负有不当得利返还之义务.     

危害食品安全刑事案件具体法律应用问题研究

食品安全事故频发，保障食品安全已引起社会广泛关注。刑法作为保障食品安全的最后一道屏障，由于其对危害食品安全犯罪的定性不当、保护范围较窄、保护滞后等问题，有大量危害食品安全犯罪案件未进入司法程序，凸显了刑法在惩处食品安全犯罪行为过程中的乏力，也在一定程度上纵容了危害食品安全的犯罪行为。应借鉴美国立法，完善我国危害食品安全犯罪刑事立法，形成严密的刑事立法体系，克服危害食品安全犯罪在刑法规制上的不足。     

论非法侵入住宅罪的对象及亲告问题

对非法侵入住宅罪中"住宅"的含义应作正确理解。"住宅"具有以下特征:一定的日常生活设备,有相对隔离性,必须是供他人起居、饮食的生活场所。出于中国文化观念、刑法谦抑性以及社会现实等因素考虑,宜将非法侵入住宅罪设立为"亲告罪"。     

论我国酌定不起诉权行使的条件

从立法机关对检察机关的酌定不起诉权的态度和《刑法》的相关规定分析,"犯罪情节轻微"是我国检察机关行使酌定不起诉权的前提条件,而将"犯罪情节"理解为量刑情节则有助于充分实现酌定不起诉权的积极功能。     

贪污罪赃款去向的举证责任——论中国法律应确立被告人举证责任

贪污罪被告人将赃款去向辩解为用于公务,导致司法机关无法处理,其原因在于现行对举证责任的规定有其不合理性.国外多见对被告人举证责任的规定,这不但不违反无罪推定原则,反而能更好地实现公正和效率,且具有可行性.中国也应建立被告人举证责任制度,在某些情况下由被告人对自己的主张承担举证责任.比如在行为人将赃款去向辩解为用于公务的场合,对"用于公务"的举证由被告人来完成.如果不能完成,就视为贪污罪成立.