Human Behavior and Biodiversity Loss: A Theoretical Analysis

Diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems altogether constitute biodiversity. Biodiversity is essential for our survival. Anthropogenic biodiversity loss is due to reasons such as unsustainable production and consumption, human population growth, and poverty. Despite various efforts undertaken for conserving biodiversity, nothing significant has been achieved. This study focuses on human behavior for biodiversity loss. The goal of human life is genetic survival through reproduction. The driving force for reproductive success can be explained through natural selection. From an evolutionary perspective, resources acquire intrinsic utility when they enhance the inclusive fitness, called reproductive success. Human behavioral change is required for conserving biodiversity.     

The Association of Campus Resources for Gay,Lesbian, and Bisexual Students With College Students' Condom Use

Abstract

The author and colleagues examined campus resources for gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) students at 119 US colleges to determine how the presence of such resources affected sexually active students' condom use. A random sample of unmarried, sexually active college students surveyed in 1999 completed questionnaires. Condom use was compared across schools with different levels of GLB resources. Condom use rates, analyzed by sex and sex-partner groups, ranged from 32% to 52%. With additional college variables controlled for, GLB resources were positively associated with the proportion of sexually active students who used condoms (p < .001). This association existed primarily for students with only opposite-sex partners. The author's findings suggest that campus resources for GLB students may be associated with college students' condom use.     

实践：图书馆哲学的切入点和落脚点

新世纪前后图书馆发生了很大变化。如：原始型图书馆与现代化图书馆之变,图书馆专业与非图书馆专业之变以及从图书馆员到学科馆员的出现,正是这些伟大实践在不断演绎着图书馆哲学。而＂图书馆人＂是图书馆哲学的最基本问题,在这一最基本问题中,存在着＂破坏性背离＂现象,背离了实事求是这一马克思主义的基本观点以及事物发展的客观规律,这必然会给我们的事业带来严重的损失。因此,图书馆哲学必须以图书馆实践为切入点和落脚点,去研究和探讨图书馆的最基本的、最敏感的、最前沿的理论与实践问题。     

论企业经理行为合理化

企业经理行为合理化，就是在国家法规范围内正确决策和管理，处处以身作则，适时制度创新，不断开发新产品、新技术、提高企业适应市场和生态环境的能力，使企业成为可持续发展的现代企业，为国家、所有者、职工和自己谋取最大利益。     

Gender Styles in State Legislative Committees

Abstract

This research focuses on the gendered nature of legislative institutions by examining the conflict resolution styles of state legislative committee chairs. Based on a survey of 285 state legislative committee chairs, focus groups and individual interviews, the study examines a sizeable cohort of men and women engaged in fundamentally similar leadership tasks but under varying institutional circumstances and in more than a single state. The research finds that women committee chairs raise their voices to resolve conflicts in a different way from their male colleagues. More importantly, the study shows how gender composition of the membership, the distribution of gender power, and the extent of professionalization influence conflict resolution style. These data challenge the predominant view of legislative leadership as transactional behavior and suggest the need to consider whether masculine behavior and institutional norms have been conflated.     

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Oral Sex Among Rural and Urban Malawian Men

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Despite medical evidence that female-to-male oral sex (fellatio) carries a lower risk for HIV transmission than unprotected vaginal intercourse, little research exists on the practice of fellatio in Africa. The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of oral sex in Malawi, and to provide the first evidence on factors associated with the practice in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We used two samples of men from Malawi—one rural and one urban—to examine the prevalence of oral sex, as well as factors that were associated with the knowledge and practice of oral sex. Results: While 97% of the rural sample and 87% of the urban sample reported having had vaginal sex, just 2% and 12%, respectively, said they had ever received oral sex. Only half of the rural sample, and less than three quarters of the urban sample, reported having heard of oral sex. Education, exposure to newspapers and television, and condom use significantly predicted oral sex knowledge after controlling for other confounding factors, while exposure to radio did not. Conclusions: The large gap between sexual activity and oral sex prevalence suggests that fellatio should be taken into consideration as a potential component of an HIV prevention strategy, but further quantitative and qualitative research that includes women as well as men is needed to understand potential benefits and drawbacks.     

家族企业准接班人的创业精神传承:以高校在读家族企业后代为样本的探索性实证研究

改革开放30年,大批早前创业成功的家族企业面临着接班传承的问题。而对于前辈企业家创业精神的传承,比企业所有权和控制权的继承更重要。企业家是市场经济的主角,创业精神则是企业家的灵魂,创业精神的继承和发扬,直接影响着家族企业的可持续发展。创业意图是创业精神的原始体现,先有创业意图才会激发创业行为,创业意图是所有创业活动的根本基础和出发点,也是企业家创业精神及其传承的研究切入点。中国大量的家族企业准接班人目前都处于大学教育阶段,文章以其为研究对象,运用并扩展了计划行为理论模型,通过实证数据深入辨析了各种相关因素对家族企业后代创业意图所产生的不同影响。研究结论为家族企业传承以及创业学研究都提供了有益参考,另外文章中所运用的Smartpls软件在进行探索性研究时具有强大的功能,值得引起各位学者的重视。     

Factors That Influence Willingness to Help the Homeless

Homelessness is an ongoing challenge for many families and individuals. Many struggle to meet their basic needs for food, clothing and shelter. Unfortunately, we know very little about the people who directly help homeless people meet these needs. The present study examines the relationships between empathy, religion, household income, political orientation, gender, race, and people's expressed willingness to assist the homeless. Results demonstrate a strong and consistent link between empathy and willingness to help. Moderately consistent associations are found for religion and race. Limitations, suggestions for further research, and for practical application are discussed.     

“新闻侵权”肯定说——兼与张新宝教授商榷

新闻侵权如何规制,在侵权责任法起草过程中争论不休。刚刚通过的《侵权责任法》最终对此没有专门规定,立法上的如此安排是否科学广受社会关注。笔者从＂否认说＂代表人物张新宝教授撰写的《新闻（媒体）侵权否认说》一文入手,指出该文在论证上存在一定问题,并通过分析新闻侵权的特质,得出新闻侵权应属特殊侵权行为的结论。     

大学生亲社会行为主观助人动机和社会干预探讨

当前大学生亲社会行为并不表现积极.本研究以调查问卷的方式随机考察大学生亲社会行为主观助人动机.调查发现大学生主观助人动机受社会规范学习和互惠规范影响为主,其次是社会交换理论的影响以及移情和利他主义的假设.大学生主观陈述时首选助人动机为满足精神愉悦感.