临床评估中的文化偏向与行为一致性问题

文化和种族因素在临床评估中发挥着重要作用。建立于对白种人群研究基础上的评估技术在用于非白人患者时可能是不准确的，也可能导致，临床工作者缩小或夸大对其他文化群体成员的心理问题。认识到该问题的重要性，临床工作者可以用不同方法去防止评估中文化偏向的消极影响。此外，人类行为在各种情境中是否具有稳定性是一个引起人们激烈争论的问题。传统的人格理论家认为，行为在不同情境中更加具有稳定性；而学习范式理论家认为，行为在各种不同情境中更加具有可变性。     

Sexual Orientation and Sexual Health Care Needs: A Comparison of Women Beneficiaries in Outpatient Military Health Care Settings

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study are to compare the sexual concerns, interest and experiences in discussing these concerns with their doctor for women of “Only Men” and “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation. A survey was mailed to women patients from two military outpatient settings, with 1,196 women responding. Of eligible respondents (N = 1,170), 90% reported “Only Men” and 10% reported “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation. Sexual concerns varied by sexual orientation, while interest and experience in discussing sexual concerns and desire for physicians to initiate the topic differed minimally. Women with “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation have both similar and differing sexual concerns compared to “male-only” oriented women. Larger primary care patient-based studies of sexual health care needs of sexual minorities are needed.     

融资过程中管理者的羊群效应分析——基于中美股市IPO数据的研究

以管理者对对象来研究羊群行为,在对有关投资者羊群行为研究文献进行分析的基础上,提出了一种度量管理者羊群效应的指标,然后结合中美市场IPO行为进行了实证。结果表明,中美证券市场的IPO发行过程中都存在一定程度的羊群效应,相对来说,中国证券市场的IPO行为羊群效应程度更强。     

The Evolution of Male-Male Sexual Behavior in Humans

Abstract

This paper examines male-male sexual behavior from an evolutionary perspective. I begin with a discussion of the major difficulties associated with the scientific study of homosexuality and a clarification of some concepts in human sexuality and evolutionary psychology. Following is a presentation of several established evolutionary theories of homosexuality and a critique of their major assumptions. Based on common patterns of male-male sexual behavior in humans identified by anthropologists, I argue that the evolutionary origin of male-male sexual behavior is based on the same dominance-submission mechanisms that gave rise to male-female sexual behavior. Further, I argue that male-male sexual behavior evolved more fully in human males than in other primate males because male-male alliances played a greater role in human male reproductive success. Specifically, male-male sexual behavior is speculated to be an exaptation of the sociosexual behavior used by primates to establish, regulate, and maintain relationships. It is posited that same-sex sexual behavior in human males reinforced alliances that contributed directly to male survival and indirectly to male reproduction. This alliance theory of the evolution of male-male sexual behavior is compatible with broader current theory on human evolution. The same neurological mechanism theorized to be involved in male-female sexual attraction and behavior is purported to mediate male-male sexual attraction and behavior. Finally, I argue that exclusive same-sex attraction in human males is due to an interaction between genetic, cultural, developmental and psychological factors. doi:10.1300/J056v18n04_02     

Asymptotic Throughput in Discrete‐Time Cyclic Networks with Queue‐Length‐Dependent Service Rates

Abstract

For a discrete‐time closed cyclic network of single server queues whose service rates are non‐decreasing in the queue length, we compute the queue‐length distribution at each node in terms of throughputs of related networks. For the asymptotic analysis, we consider sequences of networks where the number of nodes grows to infinity, service rates are taken only from a fixed finite set of non‐decreasing sequences, the ratio of customers to nodes has a limit, and the proportion of nodes for each possible service‐rate sequence has a limit. Under these assumptions, the asymptotic throughput exists and is calculated explicitly. Furthermore, the asymptotic queue‐length distribution at any node can be obtained in terms of the asymptotic throughput. The asymptotic throughput, regarded as a function of the limiting customer‐to‐node ratio, is strictly increasing for ratios up to a threshold value (possibly infinite) and is constant thereafter. For ratios less than the threshold, the asymptotic queue‐length distribution at each node has finite moments of all orders. However, at or above the threshold, bottlenecks (nodes with asymptotically‐infinite mean queue length) do occur, and we completely characterize such nodes.     

Ruin Probabilities for the Perturbed Compound Poisson Risk Process with Investment

In this article, we consider the perturbed compound Poisson risk process with investment incomes. The risk reserve process is perturbed by an independent Brownian motion and the surplus is invested at a constant force of interest. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the ruin probability as the initial reserve goes to infinity. Bounds and time-dependent bounds are derived for the ultimate ruin probability and the probabilities of ruin within finite time, respectively. We also obtain an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the ultimate ruin probability.     

民族间农民婚嫁行为变迁的比较研究——来自湖北432户农户家庭的调查

研究发现,湖北农户家庭人口年龄分布呈现一种典型的"M"型,这预示着在未来10-20年湖北农村会有一次人口出生的高峰期,但新的生育高峰对未来人口快速增长的冲击程度明显要较上一高峰小得多.随着时代的变迁,受教育程度的提高,农民的婚嫁行为也发生着显著变化,主要表现在:初婚嫁年龄明显反弹,婚姻倾度显著增大,通婚半径也相应加长.尽管这一结论在民族间、村落间有些差异,但总的趋势是一致的.导致农民婚嫁行为变化的根源主要来自农村教育的普及.     

Peer effects on substance use among American teenagers

The widespread use of illicit substances by American teenagers has attracted the interest of both the general public and academic researchers. Among the various factors that people believe influence youth substance use, peer effects are identified as a critical determinant. Identifying peer effects, however, is known to be a difficult task. In an attempt to overcome known difficulties, I estimate peer effects on substance usage among American teenagers using perceived peer behavior in the National Longitudinal Survey Youth 97. The data indicate robust peer effects. Moreover, the results do not change substantially in school and household fixed effects estimations.This is a chapter of my Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Michigan State University. I am especially grateful to David Neumark for his constructive comments and continuous encouragement. I thank Jeff Biddle, Ali Berker, Frederic Durousseau, Gigi Foster, Daniel Hamermesh, John Strauss, Jeffrey Wooldridge, the participants in the labor economics workshop at Michigan State University and 2001 Joint Statistical Meeting, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Scott Adams and David Wetzell gave me detailed comments, as well as advice on English. Donna Maurer provided careful editorial assistance. All remaining errors are, of course, my own. Due to a confidentiality agreement with the BLS on the usage of the NLSY 97 GeoCode file, the part of the dataset that is constructed from the GeoCode file cannot be released. Responsible editor: Daniel S. Hamermesh     

论行政事实行为的规范化

行政事实行为是指行政主体及其工作人员 ,在从事行政管理、履行公共服务职能过程中作出的不以设定、变更、解除行政法律关系为目的的行为。行政事实行为的频繁出现使传统的行政法理论与实践面临巨大挑战 ,因此规范行政事实行为对于修正传统行政行为理论、贯彻依法行政原则、保护公民权利等具有重大的法理学意义。对于行政事实行为的规范化应主要从制定《行政程序法》、行政复议、行政诉讼和行政赔偿等几方面来进行。     

论家庭子女教育投资中的非理性行为

家庭参与教育投资是教育投资渠道多元化发展的必然结果,但随着家庭子女教育投资的个性化发展,在投资过程中出现了许多非理性行为.究其原因,主要有:政府宏观政策变动后家庭投资自主权增加;社会、学校教育目标的定位偏差与误导;教育筛选功能的负面影响;教育市场的特殊性等.为减少非理性行为,社会应加快教育体制改革、规范教育市场、完善教育投资服务体系和贷款制度、加强相关法制建设;学校除提高教学质量外还应采用多层次的办学评价指标;家庭也应不断提高自我投资能力.