Qualitative research on homosexual and bisexual behavior relevant to HIV/AIDS

The spread of the international AIDS pandemic has drawn attention to the urgent need for data on human sexual behavior; yet the lack of an established tradition of theory and method in sex research has limited the development of research initiatives in this area. This has been particularly true in the study of homosexual and bisexual behavior, which has relied heavily on the use of quantitative survey methods that largely fail to address cross‐cultural differences in the structure and meaning of same‐sex sexual experience. More qualitative approaches offer the possibility of investigating homosexual and bisexual behavior within a broader social and cultural context and can therefore play an important role in developing a framework for the comparative analysis of behavioral data. This article seeks to contribute to the development of theory and method in sex research by outlining key research issues and possible methodologies for the qualitative investigation of homosexual and bisexual behavior in relation to HIV/AIDS.     

征地过程中的退出意愿、受偿诉求与行为策略——基于被征地者视角的本土研究述评

进入经济高速增长期和社会快速转型期的中国，导致了被征地者这一焦点群体的迅速激增。作为征地制度改革和基层社会治理的重要承载体，该群体在征地过程中的退出意愿、受偿诉求与行为策略等问题已得到不少本土情景下的实证研究的重视，形成了一系列有影响的研究成果。围绕“退出意愿”，研究者提出了个体特征论、家庭结构论、空间区位论、发展期望论、身份锚定论、政策认知论六种理论假说。围绕“受偿诉求”，除了通常作为谈判之焦点的补偿数额，学者们也揭示出被征地者对于分配方案、程序正义、生存保障的诉求。围绕“行为策略”，研究者主要通过博弈模型、案例分析两种方法进行研究。尽管部分研究已经呈现了上述三个维度之间交融沟通的趋势，但三者各自为阵的孤立局面依旧存在。如何促成被征地者的类型知识、需求学说和行动理论之间的逻辑联结，揭示其中的内在机制，建立出一套整合性框架，应当成为下一步的精进方向。     

Tax evasion and emotions: An empirical test of re-integrative shaming theory

Shaming can be either of two types, shaming that becomes stigmatization of the offender and favors his exclusion from the community, or shaming that is followed by forgiveness and reintegration of the deviant. Here we test experimentally these aspects of shaming theory with a repeated tax-payment game, in which the shaming “ritual” consisted of displaying the evader’s picture in addition to charging monetary sanctions. Results show that when cheating is made public and the contravener is not successively reintegrated, the total amount of cheating is significantly increased compared to when cheating is made public but publicity is immediately followed by reintegration. The former condition is associated with more intense negative emotions related to cheating. This suggests that the employment of a social shaming mechanism may be an effective, albeit very sensitive, tool in the hands of policy makers.     

A Commentary on the Triadic Theory of Influence as a Guide for Adapting HIV Prevention Programs for New Contexts and Populations

Summary

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Collaborative HIV Prevention and Adolescent Mental Health Project-South Africa (CHAMPSA) began and to present some of the results from this South African version of CHAMP. This paper informs readers of a number of lessons about international program translation. The first important lesson is that there are universal principles of health behavior change that seem to be useful across cultures. The implementation of these principles, however, needs to be informed by an in-depth understanding of local cultural contexts. The second important lesson is that it is possible to undertake large-scale, scientifically sophisticated community-based prevention research in developing countries through international collaborative research projects. It is the authors' hope that this mixture of science, service, and business will inspire other public health, community mental health, research, and business professionals to develop international prevention interventions that can be shown to be effective, and disseminated on a wide scale.     

道德行为补偿请求权初探

在市场经济大潮下 ,社会传统所固有的“情理”、“善”等伦理准则被“财富最大化”的经济理性所代替。适应这一现象 ,就要寻找一条合理有效的途径 ,即 :用法律规范的方式将道德行为者与受益人视为债权人与债务人 ,赋予道德行为者以民事补偿请求权。用权利作动力 ,改变传统社会的法律义务 ,更有利于现实社会的发展。     

合作研发中机会主义行为的演化博弈分析

合作研发的企业分为两种类型:互惠主义者和机会主义者,并运用演化博弈理论对企业间合作研发过程中的机会主义行为进行演化分析.分析表明:若企业能够彼此识别,则机会主义行为将灭绝;若企业不能彼此识别,机会主义行为将泛滥市场.同时还研究了监督机制对防范机会主义行为的有效性.     

哈耶克的国家理论

F .V .哈耶克认为 ,人类进步是自生自发的过程。试图通过计划安排人类生活的做法不仅会压抑个人自由和阻碍社会进步 ,而且还会导向暴政。所以国家正当行为只应是防阻他者对自由的强制。哈耶克的社会国家理论除了在认识论方面内藏悖论外 ,还未能指出自由或权利关系往往同构于当下制度结构。他对国家干预和分配正义的反感 ,表明他实际上认同于完全的自由市场构造。     

What's Playing in the Organizational Theater? Collusive Relationships in Management

This article takes as its point of departureconcepts derived from couple therapy to betterunderstand collusive relationships in organizations. Aswe examine these dysfunctional workplace relationships— these interpersonal gridlocks —four main types of collusive superior subordinateinteraction patterns are identified — thenarcissistic, the controlling, the paranoid, and thesadomasochistic — and the consequences of each such dyad in organizationsare explored. In conclusion, the paper presents a numberof recommendations on how to recognize the presence ofsuch collusive arrangements (taking leadership behavior as a point of departure) and suggestspreventive steps that can be taken.     

专利动态特征与专利诉讼:基于智能手机产业的研究

"基于中国金融市场某股票和权证订单成交数据构建交易网络，分析交易网络微观结构蕴含的市场信息和交易行为多样性对即时价格冲击的影响.股票和权证交易网络中包含了近100万的交易者，在给定的显著性水平下，进行交易网络降噪，剔除了大部分噪声交易者，构建“核心”交易网络，发现噪声交易者具有更大的即时价格冲击.本文主要贡献是基于复杂网络模体对交易网络中噪声交易者和交易行为多样性进行了向量化表征，定义交易行为多样性指标，发现交易行为多样性越大的交易者具有更敏感的即时价格冲击影响.基于复杂网络微观结构分析方法解构蕴藏于交易网络中的市场交易行为，为研究交易者行为和价格行为提供了新视角."     

信息社会管理者合理决策行为研究

决策离不开信息的支持.进入信息社会,先进的信息技术为管理者决策提供了信息收集和处理的技术手段,使得决策方法更加科学化,同时,决策行为的科学化同样应予以足够的重视.文章探讨了在当今信息社会环境中,管理者的合理决策行为模式.