Do actions reduce perceived risk? A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between risk perception and actions in response to forest disturbance in Colorado

As residents living in hazard-prone areas face on-going environmental threats, the actions they take to mitigate such risks are likely motivated by various factors. Whereas risk perception has been considered a key determinant of related behavioral responses, little is known about how risk mitigation actions influence subsequent perceived risk. In other words, do actions to prevent or mitigate risk reduce risk perception? This longitudinal study considers the dynamic relationships between risk perception and risk-mitigating behavior in the context of forest disturbance in north-central Colorado. Based on panel survey data collected in 2007 and 2018, the results provide a first look at changes in perceived forest risks as they relate to individual and community actions in response to an extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak. Analysis revealed that the perception of direct forest risks (forest fire and falling trees) increased, whereas indirect forest risk perception (concern on broader threats to local community) decreased across the two study phases. Higher individual or community activeness (level of actions) was associated with subsequent reductions in perceived forest fire risk, smaller increases in direct risk perception, and larger decreases in indirect risk perception. These findings contribute insights into the complex risk reappraisal process in forest hazard contexts, with direct implications for risk communication and management strategies.     

试析网络交往行为的戏剧化特点

随着网上生活的不断拓展,网络交往行为越来越广泛,并且明显呈现出戏剧行为的特点。同时,由于虚拟角色的自由转换,它又与传统的戏剧行为有所区别。文章从理论上分析了它们的异同,以便更深刻地理解并正确引导网络交往行为。     

基于动态无标度网络的信息策略与羊群行为演化研究

传统的人工股票市场效率不高,对投资者的异质性假设缺乏经济学含义,更没有考虑市场中广泛存在的羊群行为的影响。本文以国外期权市场异质信息交易者模型为基础,结合互联网金融特点在传统人工股票市场中引入异质信息策略与动态无标度人际关系网络刻画的羊群行为构建出新的人工股市模型,进行投资者的信息策略与羊群行为演化研究,对比分析不同机制的引入所带来的影响,揭示动态关系网络环境下信息策略演化结果。研究发现：一方面,信息策略演化机制的引入加快了市场均衡速率并提高了市场效率,同时也大大降低了投资者财富水平并拉大了财富差距;信息策略与羊群行为的演化并不会导致投资者完全向内幕信息交易者聚集,高、低信息档次投资者明显居多且其他信息档次投资者仍然存在。另一方面,动态关系网络下羊群行为的引入增强了投资者的被传染程度,并进一步缩小了财富差距且显著提高了内幕信息的扩散质量与效率。所以,互联网关系网络环境下高、低信息档次投资者占据相对优势,但其他信息档次投资者并不会被挤出市场;监管部门在努力寻求高市场效率的同时,也应在投资者财富与社会总财富等方面进行适当权衡。     

Resilience to Discrimination and Rejection Among Young Sexual Minority Males and Transgender Females: A Qualitative Study on Coping With Minority Stress

Sexual minority and transgender status is associated with mental health disparities, which have been empirically and theoretically linked to stressors related to social stigma. Despite exposure to these unique stressors, many sexual minority and transgender individuals will not experience mental health disorders in their lifetime. Little is known about the specific processes that sexual minority and transgender youth use to maintain their wellbeing in the presence of discrimination and rejection. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 sexual minority males and transgender females aged 18–22 years, who currently met criteria for an operationalized definition of resilience to depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed qualitatively, yielding information related to a wide variety of problem-solving, support-seeking, and accommodative coping strategies employed by youth in the face of social stigma. Results are discussed in light of their clinical implications.     

Essentialist Beliefs About Homosexuality Predict Positive and Negative Behavioral Intentions Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men

This study focuses on essentialist beliefs about homosexuality as determinants of discriminatory intentions against gay men and lesbian women (LG) and the readiness to engage in positive action toward them. A sample of 997 exclusively heterosexual adults participated in an online study set in Croatia, a country with high homophobia undergoing social change that threatens the higher status of the heterosexual majority. Beliefs about immutability and universality of homosexuality were associated with less intention to discriminate and more readiness to engage in positive behavior, while discreteness beliefs were inversely related to both. Furthermore, attitudes toward LGs seem to be the mechanism behind the observed links. Results suggest essentialist beliefs might be fuel for attitudes, which are in turn associated with behavioral intentions. Importantly, essentialist beliefs had both indirect (with attitudes as mediators) and direct effects on behavioral intentions speaking in favor of their robust role in explaining LG-related phenomena.     

The impact of attitudes and behavioral costs on environmental behavior: A natural experiment on household waste recycling

Numerous studies have shown the importance of incentives as well as of attitudes in explaining pro-environmental behavior. Reported attitude effects, however, are generally rather small and exhibit considerable variation among studies. Different theoretical perspectives can account for this finding: whereas theories of rational action suggest additive effects of costs and attitudes, the low-cost hypothesis and dual-process theories imply interaction effects - in different directions, resulting from different mechanisms. The present study tries to overcome the shortcomings of past research by using advanced statistical methods to test competitive hypotheses in the context of post-consumer waste recycling. We utilize data from a natural experiment on recycling participation in Cologne/Germany (n = 1882) in which the incentive structure for recycling changed due to the conversion of the recycling scheme from a drop-off system to curbside collection. In order to avoid self-selection bias, we conducted pre- and post-treatment surveys and applied conditional fixed-effects regression models. We found that curbside collection had a strong impact on recycling participation and attitudes had a moderate effect. The interaction is negative but statistically insignificant. Our findings contradict the low-cost hypothesis and provide some evidence that environmental concerns moderate the effect of the recycling scheme. We cannot, however, reject the rational choice proposition of mere additive effects.     

Internal communicators’ understanding of the definition and importance of employee advocacy

In recent years, employee advocacy has evolved as a hot topic that has generated a lot of buzz in todayös public relations, marketing, and business circles. In spite of the growing relevance of employee advocacy, there is limited empirical and theoretical research on this topic and a universal definition and clear understanding of its exact meaning is lacking. Hence, the purpose of this study was to fill a gap in public relations research on employee advocacy by examining how internal communicators understand this behavior and their perceptions of its value. Through interviews with 25 public relations and communications practitioners, the studyös results indicated that participants perceived that advocacy could be expressed verbally or nonverbally. Given these findings, the study proposed a new definition of employee advocacy. Overall, participants agreed that employee advocacy plays a critical role in an organizationös future performance and can impact its success in several ways.     

Social participation,health‐related behavior,and depression of older adults living alone in Korea

This study aims to identify the effects of social participation on depression among adults over 60 years old living alone in Korea, focusing on the mediating effect of health‐related behavior on the social participation–depression relationship. The study relies on secondary data analysis using the 6th wave of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and structural equation modeling method was employed for analyses. The findings indicate that older adults' participation in religious and social gatherings decreases depressive symptoms. The study also finds that regular eating behavior, drinking, and exercise also act as significant mediators, as older adults' participation in social gatherings is associated with those health‐related behaviors and that they also reduce depression. The results suggest that social participation by older adults who live alone is crucial not only for providing them with support but also for encouraging health‐related activities that can have direct effects on their mental health. Implications for social work practice are also discussed.     

道德推脱在攻击行为中的研究思考

道德推脱从社会认知角度解释了个体从事不道德行为时或者行为后的认知推脱。为改善不道德现象提供了新的视角。但是,当前研究手段和视野的局限一定程度上限制了道德推脱理论的进步以及后续的应用实践。现阶段有必要从研究手段、研究视角以及研究方向等方面探讨道德推脱可能的发展思路。     

差序格局中的自我呈现:大学生微信朋友圈分享行为动因解析

基于熟人关系的微信社交是网络化条件下新兴的社交模式。微信圈子来源于现实社会圈子,呈现差序格局空间结构。借助微信朋友圈分享行为,大学生实现了熟人网络社交空间中的“自我呈现”。对某高校大学生微信朋友圈分享行为的动因分析发现,以“已”为中心的“自我主义”是分享行为的思维特征,修饰、共情、陶醉、利他等四个维度的内因与外因共同影响着分享行为的行动逻辑。“克己复礼”是大学生微信朋友圈共同遵守的道德规范,慎省、慎辨、慎言是规范分享行为的内在要求。