农民经济行为与文化解释

农村经济发展重点在农民,农民个体行为与整个经济环境的冲突与协调,是现代经济学以经济行为研究为核心的体现.对于农民经济行为的研究,中西方学者都站在不同的角度进行了阐释,而通过文化角度的阐释是其中重要组成部分.     

Erotophobia‐erotophilia as a dimension of personality

This review discusses the measurement, antecedents, and consequents of erotophobia‐erotophilia—the disposition to respond to sexual cues along a negative‐positive dimension of affect and evaluation. Test construction procedures which resulted in a 21‐item measure of this personality construct are reported. Evidence indicates that the measure is internally consistent, shows acceptable degrees of convergent and discriminant validity, and is correlated as expected with related constructs such as authoritarianism, adherence to traditional sex roles, indices of value orthodoxy, and various measures of sex‐related evaluations. Retrospective surveys and group contrasts suggest that erotophobia‐erotophilia is a learned disposition based on one's exposure to sex‐related restrictiveness and punishment during socialization. Consequents of erotophobia‐erotophilia involve avoidance versus approach responses to sexuality in a wide range of situations; scores on this test predict differential sexual experience, responses to erotica, likelihood of engaging in sexual fantasy behavior, the tendency to learn about or teach others about sex, engaging in sex‐related health care, the probability of utilizing contraception, and behaving sexually during pregnancy and postpartum. Cross‐cultural research provides evidence for the generality of this construct beyond North America.     

On the Necessity of Structure in an Arbitrary World

Abstract

The term response generalization has been poorly defined and has, over many years, been a source of controversy for applied researchers who must grapple with results that show changes in behaviors outside of the response class targeted by their intervention. The present discussion seeks to differentiate response generalization from such terms as response covariation and induction. Instead, response generalization is redefined in the context of response classes and concurrent schedules of reinforcement.     

辽宁省大学生欺负行为调查

针对辽宁省普通高校大学生欺负行为现状，采用调查问卷法对普通高校大学生群体中存在欺负行为进行分析，结果表明欺负行为不仅存在于中小学也普遍存在于普通高校大学生群体中，欺负主体欺负方式有很大差异性。研究结果对普通高校学生管理工作提供一定的理论依据，对创建民主、文明、安全的大学校园环境具有积极意义。     

Are gamblers more likely to commit crimes? An empirical analysis of a nationally representative survey of US young adults

We examine the relationship between gambling and criminal behaviour using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Our data set includes survey responses from 6145 young adults. The results of our empirical analysis are consistent with the gambling literature in which it is suggested that higher gambling losses increase the propensity to commit crime. This study complements the current literature, as our data and empirical analysis allow us to control for many variables that have been neglected in previous studies, including various forms of gambling. Our findings provide useful information on the general relationship between gambling behaviour and criminal behaviour.     

我国地方政府举债行为法治化研究

地方政府举债行为是各地政府经济行为的重要组成部分,其中隐性地方债务居于多数.在国务院放宽<预算法>的限制之后,虽然地方债务通过发行途径开始"名正言顺",但仍有一些游离于法治轨道之外的地方举债行为.如何规范地方政府的举债行为事关我国整个债务体系的建设管理,也可增进我国地方政府诚信力的提升.综合来看,地方政府的举债行为的法治化过程可以从举债权限、信息监控、多方监督几个方面进行,根本上规范地方政府的举债行为.     

The Interplay of Syndemic Production and Serosorting in Drug-Using Gay and Bisexual Men

The relationships between mental health, substance use, and sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual men in a sample of 450 club drug-using men from New York City were examined using syndemics theory. Risk scores for each participant were based on variables measuring substance use and mental health burden. Participants with higher risk scores were significantly more likely to engage in risk behaviors. Risk taking was also explained by serosorting, suggesting that syndemics theory in and of itself, while significant in explaining risk, is not sufficient. These findings suggest we need to understand the interplay between social, emotional, and cognitive factors to understand sexual risk taking.     

Similarities in the Sexual Behavior and HIV Risk Factors of Colombian,Dominican, Mexican,and Puerto Rican MSM Residing in New York City

Abstract

In a sample of Colombian, Dominican, Mexican, and Puerto Rican men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 307) living in New York City, we contrasted sexual behavior and a number of variables related to it. The four groups were consistently similar in terms of frequency of partnership types (men with lovers, one-night-stands, other partners), monogamy, types of sexual behaviors with men and women, number of occasions of different behaviors, condom use during sex, and history of childhood sexual abuse. The four groups also had similar scores in most of the psychosocial variables usually related to condom use. These similarities validate the clustering of these four populations under a common category (Latino or Hispanic) for reporting and prevention purposes. This does not imply, however, that small scale interventions tailored to the specific cultural nuances of different national groups may not have an added strength. In the few cases where intraethnic differences were found, Mexican MSM were more likely than men in the other groups to receive ejaculate both in the rectum and in the mouth. These differences were not accounted for by the other variables examined and requires further investigation.     

Measurement Issues in Human Behaviour Theory

Abstract

This paper provides a brief introduction to the use of standardized measurement scales in behavioural theory, discusses some of the limitations of the domain sampling model of measurement for behavioural scientists and practitioners, and identifies central measurement issues in behavioural theory that are germane to all measurement tools. The ever popular and useful behavioural checklist is used to introduce the domain sampling model of measurement and to describe how it can be treated as a standardized measurement tool.