Shared‐use mining infrastructure: Why it matters and how to achieve it

This article considers the cases for and against ‘open access’ regulation of rail and port logistics infrastructure used by ‘bulk’ mining operations, arguing that host governments should proactively impose and then enforce such regulation in almost all cases. The logistics infrastructure needed for this type of mining activity is of critical importance. The costs and potential inefficiencies involved in duplicating such infrastructure confer a significant competitive advantage on its owner in the absence of effective access regulation. In particular, where a first mover develops an ‘integrated’ project incorporating a mine and associated infrastructure, a failure to impose access regulation discourages third‐party investment in mineral exploration and development in the region serviced by the infrastructure, due to the risk of hold‐up by the first mover. An unregulated first mover can also use its infrastructure advantage to capture the state's share of resource rents from the mineral endowment of the region. Open access regulation further benefits host countries by enabling broad‐based economic development through the shared‐use of mining infrastructure with other sectors (e.g., agribusiness). The article highlights contrasting experience with access regulation in Australia: the Pilbara iron ore region has seen protracted disputes involving mining firms and policy‐makers and very few examples of third‐party access, while in the coal region of central Queensland an extensive multi‐user, multi‐purpose railway network operates independently of mining firms. The authors urge governments in sub‐Saharan Africa (in particular) not to underestimate the internal capacity and other challenges associated with developing and enforcing open access regulation of mining infrastructure in a manner that protects their national interests.     

语义角色精细化理论下的题元准则研究

在语义角色精细化理论框架下讨论了英语中的题元角色与论元之间的关系。对题元准则存在的问题进行了分析，介绍了佩里尼的语义角色精细化理论，区分了精细化角色和概括性角色。精细化角色和概括性角色之间存在一条精细化轨道，连接下位的精细化题元关系和上位的语义角色的同时，把精细化题元关系和论元的句法功能联系起来。在任何谓词结构内，每个可见论元都必须充当特定的语义角色，每个语义角色都必须指派给一个可见论元。并对角色精细化题元关系为题元准则具体问题的消解方案进行了讨论。     

试析影响词汇访问速度的关键因素

一些高频词汇在学习者大脑词库中常被存储在底层,如何把这些需要熟练使用的词汇尽可能多地转移到词库表层,以达到词汇访问的自动化,是值得探索和研究的问题。本文从词汇访问频率、词汇意义变化和语境三方面分析影响词汇访问速度的原因,并提出外语学习过程中提高词汇访问速度的建议。     

Poverty Research in a Development Policy Context

This article provides an evaluation of the extent to which science is addressing worldwide poverty and hunger. It is based on the literature contained in the Thomson Reuters' Web of Science Citation Index (1980 to 2008) and focuses on the WOTRO Strategy Plan 2007–2010 of the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research, although similar policies from other countries might also be assessed. The data show that poverty/hunger research has grown steadily over time in many disciplines, most significantly in Environmental Sciences and Technology. Much of this research is hidden; hence the construction of an internationally recognised open‐access database is recommended so that scientists can easily identify critical gaps related to scientific capacity‐building.     

Access to Water in the Slums of Sub‐Saharan Africa

This article reviews the changing perspectives for improving access to water in the slums of developing countries, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. While much of the literature continues to maintain an aversion to state‐led urban development policies, there is now increasing emphasis on the importance of informal, small‐scale providers and communitarian initiatives, following the many failures of privatisation. The article argues that market‐oriented solutions are inappropriate for sub‐Saharan African countries where over two‐thirds of the urban population live in squatter settlements with multidimensional challenges.     

Computer-Supported Distance Art Therapy: A Focus on Traumatic Illness

SUMMARY

Recent research has documented the growing gap between those who have access to information technology and those who do not. Reviewing available literature regarding the lack of access to computers and technology by oppressed groups, this paper discusses problems inherent in ignoring this issue in social work education and practice. Finally, some of the promising interventions currently used to address problems of access are outlined and recommendations for social workers are highlighted.     

论“化”字词语的英译

通过对“化”字词语进行词源、构词结构、搭配组合进行广泛而深入的探讨，提出并归纳其英译的特点、方法，提高了汉语里大量存在并不断涌现的“化”字词语的翻译质量，实现了“化”字词语翻译的时代同步性和准确性。     

地下空间的软导向识别及主要设计策略

针对软导向设计具有改善用户在特定导向任务中的寻路效率和效果的假设,利用意向尺度法对包含软导向设计的空间和不包含软导向设计的空间进行对比调研。结果证明,软导向设计可以明显提升导识效率,并发现随着用户对空间熟悉程度的增加,一些地标性差异物可以成为用户稳定可靠的定位要素,从而对常规标识系统的依赖度逐渐下降。由此提出应通过色彩和光影变化、立体造型与显著空间标志物的设置、平面造型的图案规划与差异、材料和肌理以及装饰强度的对比等措施完成空间中的软导向设计。并认为软导向设计前期需要在充分调研的基础之上开展,在设计过程中不但要节制规范的使用软导向要素,还应与空间主题语境相呼应。     

鼓励和引导民间投资对策的思考

我国近期出台了扩大民间投资行业和领域的政策。然而,长期以来民间投资遇到了市场准入的障碍。要想彻底改善当前民间投资的环境,则需要通过完善有关措施来贯彻和细化有关的政策,努力形成各类资本相互融合、多种所有制经济协调发展的经济新格局。     

非使役化中英语动词的语义选择研究

非使役化中,从使役动词到作格动词的转换,原生及物动词同时受到三种语义选择限制:其一,动词包含"使役义([+cause])"特征;其二,动词是动态动词,表示状态变化;其三,动词的外因可以通过句法(为降级题元,充当介词的补语)或语用(为暗指题元)手段判别.