协同副词“一齐”、“一同”的虚化历程

协同副词"一齐"、"一同"是现代汉语中两个同义副词,它们同"一起"、"一块(儿)"的使用也有交叉,但在共时平面上,它们的差异与竞争一直没有得到更好的解释。从历时平面的分析来看,"一齐"、"一同"是动词短语虚化而来的。"一齐"在唐宋时期具备了协同副词的成熟用法。动词短语"一同"的词汇化在南宋到元明时期得以完成。在历史的发展中,"一齐"、"一同"与"一起"、"一块(儿)"的使用出现了各自不同的语义倾向特征和此消彼长的竞争变化。     

The Aging Semantic Differential in Mandarin Chinese: Measuring Attitudes toward Older Adults in China

ABSTRACT

The Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) is the most widely used instrument to measure young people’s attitudes towards older adults. This study translated the ASD to Mandarin and examined its psychometric properties. The Mandarin-ASD contains three latent factors (Personality and Mental Health, Societal Participation, and Physical) that have high internal reliability and reasonable discriminate validity. Social work researchers, practitioners and allied professionals may utilize the ASD-Mandarin instrument to measure young people’s attitudes towards older adults in China. We issue a call for a universal-ASD that can be applied across different cultural contexts.     

Do Mission Statements Matter for Nonprofit Performance?

In this exploratory study, we examine whether organizational mission statement attributes make a difference to the performance of nonprofit performing arts organizations. We use text analysis to measure two semantic attributes—activity and commonality—of mission statements. We examine whether these attributes are associated with improved performance for the instrumental and expressive functions of nonprofit performing arts organizations. Our findings indicate that the mission statement attribute activity is associated with improved performance for both instrumental and expressive functions. Our analysis of nonfindings for the mission statement attribute commonality suggests that there is a need to develop and use content analysis tools tailored to nonprofit contexts.     

There is an app for that? The impact of community knowledge workers in Uganda

Rapidly expanding mobile network coverage in developing countries offers new ways to reach poor farmers in isolated places. This article explores the potential for Information and Communication Technology to provide agricultural information and extension services to smallholder farmers, and links this to empirical insights of an intervention in Uganda, where community knowledge workers rely on mobile devices to deliver context- and time-sensitive data to farmers. Consistent with theoretical insights related to information inefficiencies, we find that the intervention leads farmers to move away from low-risk low-return crops toward more commercially oriented commodities. Our analysis also suggests that, for the case of maize, the intervention causes farmers to sell less on the market, but at significantly higher prices.     

汉语动词“遮”掩饰义的产生及其词义系统的演变

魏晋时动词“遮”由对物体位移的阻拦扩大为空间上对光线等的遮蔽,遮蔽义继而在唐代又引申出对事件进行隐瞒的掩饰义。语境的转换凸显了“遮”不同的概念要素,从而诱发新义。“遮”的遮蔽义宋元时已取代拦截义而在该词的词义系统中占主导地位,这与“遮”在“拦截”概念场中的败落时代上基本相当,反映了词汇的词义系统对概念场成员演变的影响。比较汉语和其它语言“拦截”概念的语义地图,可以假设“某词同时有拦截义、掩饰义蕴含该词有遮蔽义”。今人有将作掩饰义讲的“遮”释为“用贿赂去请托”的,忽视了“遮”本身的语义特征。     

日汉自动词被动句对比分析

无论在汉语中还是在日语中,由自动词充当谓语的被动句都是被动句在语用上的扩展,但二者在结构、语义和语用上都存在明显差异.汉语的自动词被动句,其实是用“被”字引进引发谓语动词所表状态或变化的原因的,主语是该状态或变化的主体.日语的自动词被动句,是用来表示主语因谓语动词所表动作行为等的发生,间接地遭受麻烦或不利的,主语是间接受事.     

甲骨文感知心理动词研究

甲骨文感知心理动词指甲骨文中与人的感觉、知觉、言语、心理等相关联的词语,分为认知和情感两类,共有25个。在句法功能方面,它们主要作谓语,作其他成分的极少;所带宾语绝大多数是对象宾语,受事宾语很少;大多可以带副词作状语;补语一般是“于”字结构,其位置比较自由,可以在动词前,也可以位于动词后。     

EFL写作中的读者意识研究

探讨写作过程的交际本质,从语气情态、语篇视点、语义范畴以及语篇连贯四个方面对英语专业学生写作中的读者意识进行分析。分析结果表明,写作中出现的种种问题反映了写作者缺乏读者意识。培养读者意识是英语写作教学中的重要内容,对如何培养提出了几点教学建议。     

翻译中社会文化语境制约下的语义偏移

社会文化语境对语义内涵有制约作用,是读者建立文化系统关联并进行语义理解及迁移的重要保证和现实基础。翻译中语义的迁移也不是简单的移植过程,而是基于语境的再创造,即在对目标语读者的文化认知框架预测的基础上,进行以引申为机制的语义偏移。语义偏移分别表现在主题关联、文化意象处理、思维习惯差异、价值观差异、语义空缺等方面。翻译中的语义偏移是在语言间产生动态对应的重要表现。     

情景依赖对消费者品牌延伸评价的影响

品牌延伸是新产品入市的重要手段。文章从信息储存和使用的角度对品牌认知结构和情景依赖水平如何影响消费者的品牌延伸评价进行了研究,并探讨了不同沟通方式(关系型和阐释型)对不同情景依赖水平消费者品牌延伸评价的影响。研究发现:情景独立的消费者,相对于情景依赖的消费者会有更积极的品牌延伸评价和更好的品牌延伸匹配度感知;关系型沟通能使情景独立者产生更积极的品牌延伸评价和更好的品牌延伸匹配度感知;阐释型沟通能使情景依赖者产生更积极的品牌延伸评价和更好的品牌延伸匹配度感知。