养老护理人员规范化培训基地评价指标体系的建立

伴随着我国老龄化程度的日益加剧，大量的老年人对养老服务的需求越来越多，其中，对专业养老护理人员的需求正在急剧加大，所以，开展养老护理人员的培训已是大势所趋。但目前，我国养老服务队伍的专职人员数量严重不足，培训质量参差不齐，如何科学、可行地进行养老护理人员培训，在有限的培训资源内，有效地培训养老护理人员成为养老机构及社会关注的问题。     

A small‐scale qualitative scoping study into the experiences of looked after children and care leavers who are parents in Wales

This paper presents the findings of a scoping study into looked after children and care leavers who are parents in Wales. Eight parents engaged in a qualitative interview. Thirty‐one pregnancies were discussed during the interviews: 16 live births, two ongoing pregnancies, one stillbirth, one termination and 11 miscarriages. At the point of interview, two parents continued to care for their children, but six had experienced the permanent removal of their child/ren as a result of social services intervention. Twelve of the 16 children discussed in the interviews were ‘looked after’ or adopted. Despite its small‐scale nature, the study highlights important considerations before, during and after participants became parents. Broadly categorized, these relate to the influence of parents' childhood experiences on their capacity to be parents, the availability and adequacy of support during parenting and the ensuing impact of parenting ‘success’ or ‘failure’. For parents who had experienced the loss of a child, some were resigned to having no further children, some continued to hope for a family in the future, while others had experienced cycles of repeated pregnancies and compulsory removals. The findings are considered in the context of related literature and suggest that increased attention is required in this under‐researched but highly emotive area.     

高管身份跨界、战略依存与非公企业价值

以我国上市企业为样本,分析了高管身份跨界、战略依存与非公企业价值之间的关系。结果发现,身份跨界广度对非公企业价值有显著的负向影响,而身份跨界深度的影响却是正向的;结构不确定在高管身份跨界与非公企业价值之间发挥了显著的正向调节作用;高管身份跨界对非公企业研发战略与企业价值之间无实质性贡献,身份跨界的政治战略与研发战略依存的结果是战略的"堆砌效应";高管身份跨界会削弱广告战略与非公企业价值之间的作用关系,身份跨界的政治战略与广告战略依存会发生战略的"侵蚀效应";高管身份跨界有助于强化研发战略和广告战略共同对非公企业价值的正向影响,身份跨界的政治战略、研发战略与广告战略三者依存会诱发战略的"协同效应",促进非公企业价值提升。     

家庭社会资本与“留守儿童”养育的亲属网络——对湖南潭村的民族志调查

本文通过对一个农村社区的民族志调查,描述了该社区"留守儿童"生成的主要原因及当地人自行解决"留守儿童"问题而充分调动起来的亲属网络资源.在对当地亲属网络进行深描的基础上,讨论了解决农村"留守儿童"问题两个务实的措施.     

中国城市贫困对儿童教育的影响

伴随着我国的社会转型,城市贫困现象日益引起人们的关注。本文以2003年“城市贫困课题组”在抚顺、合肥、重庆开展的城市贫困与儿童救助的社会调查数据为基础,分析和概括了贫困儿童的教育基本状况,使用序次Logistic回归分析考察了贫困儿童年龄、性别,母亲的受教育水平等特征对贫困儿童学习状况的影响及作用方向,深入探讨了城市贫困对儿童教育的影响及城市贫困与儿童发展之间的关系,并尝试针对构建儿童教育的社会支持系统提出相对应的政策和建议。     

留守儿童的监护现状与特点

立足于中国社会转型过程中产生大量留守儿童这一宏观背景,对我国中西部地区的10个农村社区中的留守儿童的监护现状与特点进行微观社会学研究。研究发现,留守儿童主要存在单亲监护、隔代监护、上代监护及同辈监护四种监护类型,而处于隔代监护下的留守儿童出现的问题最多。从监护人、学校和社区的角度出发,应增加社区家长学校中针对留守儿童家长的教育项目,改变外出父母及监护人的教育方式及观念,提高家长对子女教育问题的重视,唤起家长对子女进行全面教育的意识;农村社区建立生产和生活互助小组,帮助监护人减轻劳动负担的压力,使监护人有更多精力去照顾与关爱留守儿童的生活起居和学习。     

Native American kids: American Indian children’s well-being indicators for the nation and two states

American Indian/Alaska Native well-being, survival-based data are rare. This study explores the question of whether or not it is possible to produce such well-being information using secondary data sources. The answer is yes, with some limitations. Hence, Native American data for 10 well-being indicators nationally and for New Mexico and South Dakota, using a model like Kids Count (Annie E. Casey Foundation: 2003a, 2001 KIDS COUNT Data Book: State profiles of child well-being (Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD)) are reported; thereby reducing the gap in survival indicators for U.S. Indigenous children and youths. Comparisons between all children and American Indian children demonstrate that Native American children have comparatively worse well-being rates at the national level and in South Dakota, whereas New Mexico Native kids compare favorably to their non-Native peers. Policy recommendations conclude the paper. This research was funded by Casey Family Programs (Seattle, Washington) and the Annie E. Casey Foundation (Baltimore, Maryland) with partnership from the National Indian Child Welfare Association (Portland, Oregon). Charlotte Goodluck, Ph.D. collaborated with me on previous work that this study builds upon. I would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, this paper is much improved because of their efforts. Angela A. A. Willeto is an enrolled member of the Navajo Nation.     

农村留守儿童存在问题及破解思路

近年来,由于城市化的快速发展,越来越多的儿童滞留在农村,农村留守儿童问题已逐渐成为社会各界关注的焦点,成为我国经济发展和工业化进程中面临的重要难题。本文首先分析了农村留守儿童的生活、心理和学习现状,然后探讨了农村留守儿童存在问题及原因,最后,从社会、家庭和学校三方面提出建立长期帮扶机制的基本思路。     

A Mixed‐Methods Social Networks Study Design for Research on Transnational Families

This paper advocates the adoption of a mixed‐methods research design to describe and analyze ego‐centered social networks in transnational family research. Drawing on the experience of the “Social Networks Influences on Family Formation” project (2004–2005; see Bernardi, Keim, & von der Lippe, 2007a, 2007b ), I show how the combined use of network generators and semistructured interviews (N = 116) produces unique data on family configurations and their impact on life course choices. A mixed‐methods network approach presents specific advantages for research on children in transnational families. On one hand, quantitative analyses are crucial for reconstructing and measuring the potential and actual relational support available to children in a context where kin interactions may be hindered by temporary and prolonged periods of separation. On the other hand, qualitative analyses can address strategies and practices employed by families to maintain relationships across international borders and geographic distance, as well as the implications of those strategies for children's well‐being.     

Children's exposure to paternal imprisonment: Incidence, evolution, and correlates among young nonmarital children

Although the well-being of nonmarital children has been the focus of recent public policy developments and academic research, relatively little is known about the risk of paternal imprisonment among these children. Particularly in a context of declining public assistance, the unprecedented imprisonment rate may place additional stress on nonmarital children if a substantial portion of their fathers are incarcerated and therefore unable to provide support. Research on this topic has been impeded by methodological difficulties, such as the lack of representative data on nonmarital children's fathers, and inaccurate or insufficient information on fathers' incarceration. Using unique combined administrative data sets from Wisconsin that largely overcome these methodological obstacles, I provide improved estimates of paternal imprisonment risk among young nonmarital children. I distinguish between point-in-time and cumulative risks and assess the length of paternal imprisonment, first considering only biological fathers and then also including the mothers' other partners. I also estimate the risks separately by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Results suggest that nonmarital children face a high risk of paternal imprisonment, a substantial proportion also face an elevated risk of lengthy paternal imprisonment, and the racial disparity in risk is significant.