“官场+市场”与中国增长故事

本文运用和拓展了“官场+市场”理论,重新解析中国独具特色的经济增长机制以及政府与市场的互动模式。地方官员之间围绕着辖区经济发展的官场竞争嵌入在不同辖区企业之间的市场竞争之中,而辖区企业参与的市场竞争又嵌入在官场竞争之中。作为一种分析框架,“官场+市场”的理论贡献在于揭示了政府与市场的良性互动、政企的有效合作必备的三个条件,即内部的政治激励（“把事做对”）、外部的市场约束（“防止做坏事”）和必要的信息反馈（“做对的事”）。中国“官场+市场”的增长模式在总体上提供了这三个关键条件,在最积极的意义上实现了辖区内政治企业家与民间企业家精神的结合,政治精英与经济精英的结合,中国历史悠久的官僚政治传统与西方国家市场经济传统的结合,为我们揭示中国增长之谜开辟了新的视角。     

先秦时代"百家争鸣"的文化背景

探讨中国文化的源头,先秦时代的"诸子文化"是其中一个最为重要的环节,特别是当先秦的"诸子文化"被视为世界文化的一个不可或缺的文化源头之后,搞清它产生的文化背景就成为一个迫切需要解决的课题.本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,扬弃了陈旧的一元论的思维模式,进入多元化的探讨,并且通过比较文化学的方法,提出了"贵族文化"、"官僚文化"、"征服者文化"、"被征服者文化"的新概念,为解决这一问题找到了新的视角.     

Official standards and local knowledge in asylum procedures: decision-making in Germany’s asylum system

ABSTRACT

The role of public officials in asylum procedures is generally a critical concern in scholarly and political debates. Focusing on the asylum system in Germany, this paper seeks to understand asylum procedures with regard to officially claimed standards and the still varying practices of decision-making. It draws on the findings of a qualitative study based on a multi-method design and carried out in the asylum administration. Based on a sociology of knowledge approach, the paper shows that administrative practices are largely a matter of how decision-makers on the ground interpret legal and political regulations. We demonstrate that decision-makers utilise shifting strategies to handle official claims and cope with local settings in their daily work, from defining the applicant to reaching decisions about asylum requests. The administration of asylum applications is discussed as a field that uses and (re-)produces both authorised and informal knowledge. Caseworkers develop a pragmatic knowledge of how to deal with the discrepancies between official standards and local working conditions. However, it is the asylum institution that provides the context in which they navigate the pitfalls and challenges of the asylum procedure.     

Bureaucratic Role Perceptions and Gender Mainstreaming in Canada

Since the mid‐1990s, governments have adopted gender mainstreaming (GM) as a strategy for achieving gender equality and improving women's social, economic and political conditions. Yet, studies indicate that GM continues to be unevenly implemented, both within and across countries. To explain this outcome, this paper focuses on the local implementers of GM — the gender focal points — and how they understand GM and interpret it in their everyday work. Drawing upon interviews with gender focal points in the Canadian public service, we explore how bureaucratic role perceptions shape how these local actors understand GM and how they navigate the complex terrain between bureaucratic neutrality and the equality agenda of gender mainstreaming. Our exploratory study shows no common understanding among our interviewees, revealing how the meaning of gender mainstreaming varies depending on whether the public servant views himself or herself as policy analyst, policy advisor or policy advocate. Based on these insights, we conclude with suggestions for future research on gender mainstreaming.     

论社会职业化中的职责

工业社会是一个职业化了的社会,社会生活的职业化塑造了"职业人",并对他们提出了职责的要求.这种要求在官僚制组织中得到了制度性的确认.官僚制组织是一种合法化的组织,由官僚制组织所确认的职责也获得了法律效力.官僚制组织是建立在工具理性原则之上的,处处体现了科学精神.因而,它在通过规则和规范去为职责的实现提供保证时,要求组织成员保持"价值中立",防止任何价值因素对科学性的规则和规范造成冲击.但是,20世纪后期以来的情况对官僚制组织关于职责的定义提出的挑战,要求官僚制组织中的职业文官在道德意识的支持下去履行职责.这一新的变化也同时对官僚制组织的合理性和适应性提出了挑战.     

再论建安文学与唐诗宋词繁荣的共性原因

将建安文学、唐诗和宋词作为一个系统进行考察并探究构成其繁荣的共性原因是非常必要的.此种共性原因主要有三即作家人生观的情感化倾向、作家群落主体的官僚化倾向和特定文学体裁的模式化倾向.通过对这些共性原因的描述和说明,可以揭示出一定的有关文学和文学思想发展方面的理论问题.     

Weaving nets: Housing and leadership in two Italian cities

As part of local welfare in Italy, housing policies underwent reforms that emphasized the role of local governments—and cities in particular—in the definition of the problem and in the elaboration of possible solutions. Housing is quite neglected in the political debate, but it is increasingly important for responding to citizens' demands in times of economic crisis. This paper reconstructs the policy process in two Italian cities, Turin (1997–2011) and Florence (1995–2011). The paper argues that policy change in housing can be fostered by a local political leadership that invests ideational, relational, and positional resources in policy making to spread new ideas, build networks of public and private actors at the local level, and attract fiscal resources while taking advantage of windows of opportunity at different institutional levels. Moreover, collaboration with local bureaucratic leadership proves fundamental to promoting innovative policies.     

物质资本选择人力资本的博弈分析

首次分析了人力资本使用的集合并聚合性与科层达尔文性,提出了一种博弈公平的收益分配方式.然后,在此基础上,以C-D生产函数为例,导出了物质资本选择人力资本的博弈合作条件及结论,并阐明了人力资本的几种显示信号.     

论中国高校教师职业声望社会评价与自我评价的矛盾

在中国,教师现已成为声望最高的职业,高校教师职位也被求职者竞相争夺。但高校教师对自我职业声望的评价却低于整体评价。究其原因,主要可归纳为以下几点:一、在知识经济时代,高校教师的职业功能被社会所认可;随着国家经济实力的增强,其职业环境不断得到改善;在教师专业化的进程中,任职者的素质逐步提高。因此,高校教师职业声望得以提升是大势所趋。二、多数民众对高校教师职业没有直接认识和体验,容易受到个人经历与媒体报道的影响,往往会形成对高校教师的刻板印象,高估其职业环境。三、高校教师的职业声望地位和财富、权力地位实质上并不一致,他们所获得的资源与其发挥的职业功能并不匹配,也没有达到其期望。     

大学变革中的组织惯性分析

大学在改革的过程中,不难发现由于组织惯性压力的存在,使组织结构和运行规则表现出很强的稳定性和对改革的抵抗力。认识和理解这种组织惯性的内涵、来源和表现,有助于突破组织惯性,推进大学的变革进程。