Show Me the Way to go Home: A Narrative Review of the Literature on Delayed Hospital Discharges and Older People

Correspondence to Jon Glasby, Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Park House, 40 Edgbaston Park Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2RT, UK. E-mail J.Glasby{at}bham.ac.uk Summary This Research Note reports findings from a narrative reviewof the literature on the rate and cause of delayed hospitaldischarge in the UK. In addition to summarizing our knowledgeto date in this important area, the Research Note raises a seriesof questions about aspects of current hospital discharge policyand practice (and in particular, the recent reimbursement policyto charge social services departments for delayed discharges).     

Dementia Caregivers and Live Discharge from Hospice: What Happens When Hospice Leaves?

ABSTRACT

Hospice offers holistic support for individuals living with terminal illness and their caregivers. Some individuals receiving hospice services experience a slower decline in health as than expected, resulting in a ‘live discharge’ from hospice. A live discharge affects both patient and caregiver(s).The current study (N=24) explored the experiences of caregivers of adults with dementia who experienced a live discharge from hospice. Findings emphasize the comprehensive services covered under the Medicare Hospice benefit and those lost after a live discharge. Implications for social workers supporting caregivers are discussed, including the need to view the patient-caregiver unit during a live discharge.     

排污权交易制度的特点及其在我国的实施现状分析

环境保护和经济发展,是当今国际社会普遍关注的重大问题。排污权交易制度是解决环境保护和经济发展两难困境的重要策略之一。它具有方式灵活多样、调动企业治污积极性、降低政府管理成本和企业治污成本等特点。制约我国排污交易的顺利实施,主要有环境资源产权身份模糊化、排污总量难以科学估计、市场立法机制不健全、交易成本障碍等因素。     

Reprint of: Dynamic efficiency in the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry

The English and Welsh water and sewerage industry is characterised by indivisible capital which has a long service life. Previous studies of efficiency for the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry take a static framework, assuming all inputs can be adjusted instantaneously. This paper measures dynamic efficiency by incorporating intertemporal links of capital within the production function for the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry for the period 1997–2011. Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) considers capital as a quasi-fixed input and is modelled as a contemporaneous output into current production and an input from past production. The results show that the inadequate intertemporal allocation of quasi-fixed inputs is the largest contributor of inefficiency.     

对三峡库区区县污水处理工程建设若干问题的思考

本文结合三峡库区区县的现状 ,对库区区县污水处理工程中的几个问题提出了自己的看法。认为在三峡库区区县完善排水管网系统和建设城市污水处理厂迫在眉睫 ,氧化沟工艺不失为三峡库区区县污水处理工程的首选工艺。在除磷问题上要采取一些工程措施 ,必要时辅以化学除磷。     

山东省外商直接投资与低碳经济——基于VAR模型的实证分析

伴随着全球变暖加剧,越来越多的关注放在人类自身可持续发展上,节能减排也越来越为世界所关心。除了本国产业,外商直接投资的产业也有义务对二氧化碳的排放承担责任。运用山东省从1985到2009年GDP、FDI、CO2排放量的数据,基于VAR模型,探究三者之间的关系。研究表明：山东省外商直接投资并没有有效地将山东省低碳环保与经济发展有机的结合起来,山东省需强调外商直接投资与低碳经济的关系,以利于经济社会的和谐发展。     

黄河夺淮后江苏淮北地区自然环境的变迁

在黄河夺淮以前,由古泻湖分裂后留下的大大小小的湖泊如硕项湖等,曾密布于广阔的江苏淮北平原,众多的湖泊之间又有密如蛛网的若干天然河道如泗水、沂水、沭水相沟通。黄河夺淮后,浊水溃泛于江苏淮北地区,湮塞湖泊,打乱了原有的自然水系,极大地改变了江苏淮北地区的自然环境,直接导致了江苏淮北地区河道的淤平、古泻湖群的消亡。     

基于PSR的城市污水治理绩效评价指标体系构建及应用研究

采用PSR模型构建城市污水治理绩效评价指标体系,指标选取结合了定量指标和定性指标,并进行权重确定、评价标准确定及指标计算和评分的分析。研究基于宁波市的污水治理数据及调查问卷,对宁波城市污水治理绩效评价指标体系进行了分析测算,提出了针对性的完善建议。     

污水处理厂机器学习综合评价

对污水处理厂的运营情况进行综合评价，既可以找出现有污水处理厂存在的不足，指明改进方向和目标，又可为今后建立新厂提供参考和借鉴。通过指标体系和随机线性评价模型层次分析法（analytical hierarchy process，AHP）权重，得到机器学习评价样本；采用随机森林、随机梯度Boosting和支持向量等六种机器学习方法和六种评价结果的平均值，对天津市14家污水处理厂运营情况进行排名。     

The use of storm water to enhance a coastal swamp

The purpose of this study was to quantify the potential of available storm water to mitigate the adverse impacts of impounded saline water within a 1,336-ha, forested coastal ecosystem. A site-specific hydrodynamic model was constructed to predict the spatial influence of reduced salinity resulting from the continuous discharge of storm water, at a volume of 2.83 cubic meters per second (cms), directly and indirectly into the study area. These results were then incorporated into the Wetlands Value Assessment (WVA) model to quantify wetland benefits to specific habitats.The results show that the discharge of 2.83 cms of storm water can significantly enhance wetland functions within the 1,336-ha coastal ecosystem. The most benefit occurs when the storm water is discharged directly into the swamp via dedicated channel or pipeline, in contrast to discharging into an existing bayou within the subbasin and directing flow into the adjacent wetlands. Utilizing the WVA methodology, direct discharge is predicted to result in a net wetland benefit of 725.97 Average Annual Habitat Units (AAHUs). This benefit is largely attributed to reductions in salinity and an improved water regime (mixing) within the declining baldcypress swamp.