互联网的性质：与机器对比的视角

虽然互联网在各领域应用越来越普遍,但还笼罩着一层神秘的面纱,原因是人们对互联网性质的认识不够深刻。互联网的出现及影响与工业革命初期的机器具有高度相似性。借鉴《资本论》及其手稿中的机器思想及分析方法,将互联网与机器进行对比,可以发现：互联网是机器从动力革命、程序辅助、计算功能到对话需求发展的结果;互联网以机器作为连接的基础,具有无形客观、无限扩展和超脱的形式和快速、方便、大容量、交互性的特点;互联网能够改进生产和消费方式、提高机器的生产效率、提高社会的整体效率、创造信息财富;互联网表现和增强现有社会联系,增加新的社会联系;互联网通过增加休闲方式和劳动选择带来更多的剩余时间。此外,利用互联网需要注意其消极影响。     

机械制造技术基础课程教学方法改革研究

机械制造技术基础课程是一门综合性、实践性和应用性很强的机械类专业基础课。文章针对机械制造技术基础课程的教学特点,以创新能力培养为核心,从课程体系构建、理论和实践教学手段与方法的改革,教学效果评价等方面进行研究,多角度提高课程教学质量,以适应机械设计制造及其自动化专业人才培养的要求。     

Computer learning and risk assessment in child protection

The volume and complexity of information in child protection cases means that there can be an overwhelming number of factors which seem pertinent to decision-making but which obscure any pattern within it. This paper examines the applicability of a technique known as computer learning to the area of risk assessment in order to extract any underlying patterns. The paper proposes first that there are a few key interrelated, broad-level concepts used to assess and thereby classify risk. These can be used as the basis for producing a set of rules under which a social work team operates. The classification of risk made by one social work team on 20 child protection cases was analysed to find underlying patterns of their decision-making. These patterns are presented in the form of ‘decision trees’, as a way of illustrating the group's past experience in assessing risk. The results are evaluated in terms of the complexity and plausibility of the decision tree produced. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胶圈装订机打孔刀的工作性能研究

基于实验设计方法,进行了胶圈装订机几种打孔刀的打孔性能试验。通过对剪力及剪力随各参数的变化情况进行比较分析,结果表明,胶圈装订机打孔刀的刃口深度越浅,剪力越大;剪力随纸张数的增加基本呈线性增加;随剪纸速度的增加基本呈线性下降或变化不大。在打孔过程中表现出了剪切曲线呈双波峰特性,最后根据剪力在打孔过程中的变化情况,分析得出了打孔刀的打孔机理。     

无人驾驶汽车的伦理困境及法律规制

结合无人驾驶汽车技术在实践领域引发的一系列问题,聚焦伦理难题在应用领域的法律问题投射,总结无人驾驶汽车领域现存的法律缺位。基于伦理问题和法律问题的关联性与递进性,从伦理和法律两个角度对无人驾驶汽车引发的问题进行诠释。建立机器学习规则框架下合理的伦理规约,提出完善我国相关法律规制的建议,即完善与现行法律的衔接、构建风险防控机制、加强立法与专业技术的结合、保证法律体系的完整性,以期推动无人驾驶汽车领域法律规制的完善。     

数控皮革裁床样片排版的二维扩展轮廓算法

针对数控皮革裁床在进行样片排版时,容易出现由于样片扩展轮廓错误而引起样片间隙过小,导致刀具过切的 问题,提出了一种新的算法,即将旋转法和直线过渡法结合以解决样片的扩展轮廓描述。用平移和旋转法将样片轮廓的 每个非光滑转接处的复杂情形简化为几类一般的情形,并把样片的二维扩展轮廓算法归纳为直线接直线、直线接圆弧、 圆弧接圆弧3大类。通过对各外扩图元之间的转接情况进行几何分析并对各转接点位置进行精确计算,以实现样片扩 展轮廓的正确描述。应用结果表明：该算法简单可靠,所得样片扩展轮廓准确无误。该算法具有很强的实用性。     

机器学习及其相关算法综述

自从计算机被发明以来,人们就想知道它能不能学习。机器学习从本质上是一个多学科的领域。它吸取了人工智能、概率统计、计算复杂性理论、控制论、信息论、哲学、生理学、神经生物学等学科的成果。文章主要从统计学习基础的角度对机器学习的发展历程以及一些相关的常用算法进行了简要的回顾和介绍。     

Themis-ml: A Fairness-Aware Machine Learning Interface for End-To-End Discrimination Discovery and Mitigation

ABSTRACT

As more industries integrate machine learning into socially sensitive decision processes like hiring, loan-approval, and parole-granting, we are at risk of perpetuating historical and contemporary socioeconomic disparities. This is a critical problem because on the one hand, organizations who use but do not understand the discriminatory potential of such systems will facilitate the widening of social disparities under the assumption that algorithms are categorically objective. On the other hand, the responsible use of machine learning can help us measure, understand, and mitigate the implicit historical biases in socially sensitive data by expressing implicit decision-making mental models in terms of explicit statistical models. In this article we specify, implement, and evaluate a “fairness-aware” machine learning interface called themis-ml, which is intended for use by individual data scientists and engineers, academic research teams, or larger product teams who use machine learning in production systems.     

Electronic Gaming Machine Gambling: Measuring Motivation

Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are known to be a particularly risky form of gambling (Petry. Addiction 98(5):645–655, 2003). It is vital that researchers and clinicians are aware of factors which could lead to people having problems with this form. Gambling motivation is one such factor. This study developed a measure of EGM gambling motivations based on the results of qualitative research conducted with EGM problem gamblers and experienced counsellors (Thomas et al. Int J Mental Health Addiction 7:97–107, 2009). A community based sample of 232 females (M = 29.60 years of age, SD = 15.41 years) and 123 males (M = 29.64 years of age, SD = 12.29 years) participated. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three motivational factors indicating people gambled on EGMs to escape, for its accessibility and for the social environment. Gambling to escape and for its accessibility had substantial positive correlations with frequency of EGM gambling and gambling problems. Social environment correlated less well with these indicators of excessive gambling. Correlations between factors suggested the accessible, social experience offered by EGM venues increases their appeal as a means of escape. The new subscales were internally consistent and demonstrated good evidence of validity. This new measure will facilitate future investigations into the relationships between gambling motivations, other aetiological factors and EGM problem gambling.     

对强化高校《画法几何及工程制图》课程建设的探讨

论述了“画法几何及工程制图”系列课程内容及体系改革中的基本要求 ,对怎样达到课程及学科指导委员会要求发表了看法、见解 ,这对把该课程建设成高质量的重点课程具有重要参考意义。