‘Expressive-Instrumental Traits and Sexist Attitudes among Spanish University Professors’

In this study we analyze the link between Instrumental/Expressive traits and sexist attitudes. The sample is made up of 496 male and female Spanish university professors (230 women and 266 men). In addition to collecting sociodemographic information from the participants, the following scales were administered: the Personal Attributes Questionnaire by Spence and Helmreich (PAQ, 1978); the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory [ASI, Glick and Fiske: 1996, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70, pp. 491–512]; and the Neosexism Scale [Tougas et al.: 1995, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(8), pp. 842–849]. The data reveal that while the participants in our study subscribe less to sexist attitudes than the general population, the men continue to hold more hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes than do the women in our study. Surprisingly, however, we find that both female and male professors are less favorable toward affirmative action aimed at increasing women’s presence in the public sphere than the general population. As expected, women and men are equally instrumental, although women continue to show a greater number of expressive traits than men. Conversely, men score higher on instrumentality/expressiveness, which correlates positively with instrumentality and negatively with expressiveness. We also find some significant differences in levels of instrumentality and expressiveness when comparing the male and female professors and taking field of study into account. Lastly, we find negative correlations between expressiveness and Hostile Sexism (HS) and between masculinity and HS among women, and between expressiveness and Benevolent Sexism (BS) among men. To conclude, we offer some insight into the potential implications of these results.     

从女性语言学角度看现代德语和汉语

本文介绍了７０年代以来在德语国家的语言学研究中新兴起来的一个分支──女性语言学，并结合作者的母语汉语，对女性语言的特征，女性的言语态度、言语行为以及女性在语言中得到的表现和受到的待遇，作了对比分析．文章指出，女性在语言中受到忽视、轻视和歧视固然有着深刻的社会、历史和文化渊源，难以轻易加以改变，但提出问题以引起注意，却是语言工作者、特别是语言教学。作者的当然任务．外语教师更应对这一问题表现出足够的敏感，并在教学实践中身体力行，避免在无意识状态下助长性别不平等在语言中的表现．     

从英汉语言性别歧视现象看女性地位

英汉语言的性别歧视现象广泛存在于字、词、表达等方面和两种语言使用中的性别差异,主要表现在藐视女性的社会身份、贬抑女性自身价值、男尊女卑、厚男薄女等方面。从语言视角我们可以更深刻地了解女性生存状态,透视其中的性别歧视,加深对女性社会地位的新思考。     

再谈女权主义与英语的性别歧视

性别歧视是英语及其它许多语言中普遍存在的问题 ,近数十年来越来越引起女权主义者的不满和抗争 ,也引起一些有识之士和出版部门的关注。本文试图通过对英语中性别歧视现象的剖析 ,探讨英语性别歧视的根源以及近几十年来兴起的妇女解放运动或女权运动对英语语言的影响     

英汉传统文化中的性别歧视与女权运动

从女性主义立场出发 ,对英汉传统文化所反映出的性别歧视现象及其在语言中的体现分别作了论述和比较 ,同时论述了女权义者为争取妇的平等地位所做出的贡献     

论英语语言性别歧视现象的象似性

英语语言中的性别歧视现象是语言学的一个重要课题。本文从象似性的角度探讨英语语言性别歧视现象的区别性特征,包括标记象似性、数量象似性、顺序象似性、范畴象似性、隐喻象似性,从而揭示其社会性根源。     

Midlife and older women’s experiences and advice about sex with men,risk behaviors,and HIV prevention education

This article reports on older women’s experiences and advice on condom use, male-female relationships, HIV risk, and prevention education. It reports on findings from five written, open-ended questions with 110 ethnically and economically diverse women, 40–80 years old. Analysis revealed four themes: (a) Gap between condom use advice and condom use behavior; (b) invisibility with age; (c) negative expectations of men; and (d) desire for education that breaks the silence on sex. The article discusses the meaning of the findings as they relate to current knowledge about HIV prevention education and midlife and older women and offers recommendations for research and education.     

Outsider Scholars and Outsider Sociologists

If we take the time to look at the academy writ large and sociology as a discipline specifically, we can readily find the evidence to confirm a long‐standing exclusion of certain scholars from the academic mainstream. This exclusion is especially evident in the case of scholars of color, but also includes women, nonelites (e.g., college and graduate students who lack academic social capital from elders who have been through it and could help), and those who wish to push for a more humanist scientific agenda over purist positivist science. Sexism and racism keep us from seeing the best of our ideas emerge to bring the discipline forward. As if the pursuit of good work and good works are mutually exclusive, an embrace of purist positivism leads us to shun antiracist, antisexist, nonhumanist science, labeling it “advocacy” or worse, “activist,” and conversely, ceding ground to those who wrap themselves in “objectivity” even as they may further regressive agendas. This article makes a case for the existence of an “outsider scholar,” and outlines sociology's outsider problem. I argue that this problem endures at all levels of the academic endeavor, from undergraduate education all the way through to the ranks of administration. I conclude by offering remedies to lead us toward a more inclusive and social justice‐oriented sociology.     

语言性别歧视在英汉维三语中的体现——基于隐喻视角的研究

从20世纪70年代以来,很多语言研究者对语言中的性别歧视就已经开始重视,并从语言的内部结构语音、词汇方面开始研究其展示出的歧视现象,同时分析了其原因。基于隐喻的视角,结合英语、汉语及维吾尔语中出现的性别歧视现象,隐喻的使用者们将女性比作植物、食物及动物,把女性同邪恶以及不雅观的事物相关联,这对构建性别和谐语言具有消极的作用。英语、汉语及维吾尔语中隐喻的性别歧视语言反映了女性地位的低下,也让我们了解到人们产生性别歧视的认知因素,这对了解性别文化有一定的意义。基于这些笔者分析了产生性别歧视语言的主要原因,并探讨了去除语言性别歧视的路径。     

From Damsels in Distress to Sexy Superheroes

Video games are an important form of media that have the potential to impact gender role attitudes. Sexist portrayals of characters may affect gender behaviors and attitudes. As such, it is important to discover how characters, particularly females, are portrayed in video games. The current study examined video game magazines analyzing the portrayal of female video game characters and how this portrayal has changed in the last twenty years. Results indicate a growing trend toward a decreased benevolent sexism portrayal and an increase in a hostile sexism portrayal over time.