农民工城市融入的组织化实践

不同于既有农民工城市融入研究中的宏观制度主义视角,也区别于单一组织微观实践路径的研究取向,文章基于粤南沙镇的实地调研经验,总结提炼出“半正式组织”这一新型实践类型,有助于弥合既有研究中的宏观与微观鸿沟。“半正式组织”是对现代组织“正式与非正式”二元对立框架的尝试性超越,在组织结构、成员关系、资源链接方式等方面均呈现新特征,其形成机制可概括为党建引领、组织挂靠与领袖吸纳。“半正式组织”的实践功效表现为助推农民工在流入地提升经济机会,增强政治参与,链接公共服务,扩展群体社会交往,因而成为现阶段有限制度供给和市民化成本分摊机制不均衡情境下,实现农民工城市融入的新路径。     

重大公共卫生事件背景下的青年思想政治教育工作

新冠疫情的暴发作为一场全球性重大公共卫生事件对青年思想状况产生了较大影响。思想政治教育必须回应青年的思想关切,并给予及时的引导。基于重大公共卫生事件做好思想政治教育工作有五个基本着力点,即：以树立正确的灾难观为着力点,培养危机意识和担当精神;以倡导科学应对疫情为着力点,提高理性思辨能力和自我防护能力;以讲好中国抗疫经验为着力点,增强四个意识,坚定四个自信;以反思人与自然关系为着力点,增强自然保护意识和生态文明理念;以关注全球抗疫大局为着力点,筑牢人类命运共同体意识。     

法治乡村建设推进乡村振兴的价值耦合、行动构设与路径选择

乡村振兴需要法治保驾护航,法治乡村建设助推乡村振兴实现。在目标逻辑上,法治乡村与乡村振兴在现代化、乡风文明、治理有效与生活美好层面的价值耦合是法治乡村建设推进乡村振兴的基础前提;在实践逻辑上,乡村法治建设中的法治思维意识淡薄、法治体制构建滞后、法律运行机制不畅、法律服务供给不足的困局构设着要增强农民主体性、筑牢政治基础、提升治理效能和强化民生保障的乡村振兴行动方向;在策略逻辑上,探索多途径法治教育、加强权力规范化建设、强化法律有效实施和创新多元法律服务供给模式明确了法治乡村建设推进乡村振兴的路径选择。     

基于家庭策略的贫困代际传递治理

家庭是贫困治理的社会基础,有效阻断贫困的代际传递是贫困治理的重要方式。基于家庭策略的视野,通过对两个贫困家庭在减贫过程中不同减贫方式的分析与比较,探讨家庭策略如何被自主运用来解决贫困问题。研究发现,“反馈模式”的代际关系下,多子女所带来的路径可选择性与关系灵活性让家庭有更大空间采用有效的家庭策略,以“代内合力”和“代际合力”为一部分子女的成长和发展提供更充分的资源及“资源变现”的空间与条件,从而为实现“家庭减贫”创造机会。在巩固脱贫成果和实现乡村振兴进程中,家庭作用的有效发挥能充分激发家庭自我发展的内生动力,从而实现脱贫致富。     

基于不同法人治理结构的烤烟专业合作社绩效评价

利用陕西省安康、商洛和宝鸡3市38家烤烟专业合作社的调查数据,基于不同法人治理结构视角,运用层次分析法构建绩效评价指标体系对两种不同类型的烤烟专业合作社进行实证分析。研究结果表明:38家烤烟专业合作社可以根据法人治理结构的不同分为“外部委托代理人型”与“内部委托代理人型”两种类型。“外部委托代理人型”烤烟专业合作社在社员人数、理事会核心成员构成比例、股权集中程度及监督力度等法人治理结构方面具有明显的优势,在吸纳了更多的农户入社、提高烤烟专业合作社经济收益的同时,也保证了绝大多数农户在股权分配、民主决策参与及合作社监督等方面的权利。这有利于基层民主的完善,有利于显著提高烤烟专业合作社管理效率,从而提高农户整体烟叶生产水平。因此,改善法人治理结构是促进农民专业合作社发展的重要途径。     

基于出行者选择的城市公交和共享单车竞合关系影响因素研究

摘要:为了更好地便利交通并促进城市地面交通系统可持续发展,基于出行者行为选择,从竞合关系视角研究共享单车对公交的影响,以共享单车对公交影响的相关文献为案例进行研究,包括北美、欧洲、大洋洲和亚洲的城市,并总结归纳相关影响因素;对北京市出行者进行了SP问卷调查,利用MNL模型定量分析了各种因素对出行者公交、共享单车选择的影响,采用二元logit模型估计组合模式选择的影响机制。研究认为,共享单车作为独立个体或接驳公共交通的新模式,与地面公交交通模式间竞争与合作并存,可骑行距离、道路基础设施以及出行者的心理因素都会导致共享单车和公交之间的竞争;相反,公交换乘站之间的距离、出行端点与站点的间距均会影响二者的合作模式。城市交通管理者应合理配置公交和共享单车的数量,鼓励市区出行者根据自己的需求选择不同的出行模式以快速接驳轨道交通,提倡竞争性并行,促进公交和共享单车在综合交通系统中的合作与协调发展。     

中国国有控股航空运输企业治理结构研究

中国国有航空运输企业进行重组后,形成了以中航、南航、东航集团为首的国有航空运输集团公司,初步建立了国有控股的航空运输企业的现代企业制度。但当前有的国有控股航空运输企业法人治理结构尚不完善,尚未形成清晰的、有约束力的决策机构和执行机构,内部治理制约机制失衡,缺乏严格的风险控制,一些制度流于形式,因管理不善给企业造成了巨额损失。要解决这些问题,必须以深化产权改革为基础,以建立董事委员会为突破口,以健全经营者的激励和约束机制为根本,以创造良好的法人治理的外部环境为保障,以此加快完善国有控股航空运输企业的治理结构。     

A port in a storm: Spontaneous volunteering and grassroots movements in Amsterdam. A resilient approach to the (European) refugee crisis

This article seeks to expand knowledge about spontaneous volunteering in Amsterdam during the European refugee crisis in the winter of 2015–16. As formal institutions, which relied on a top–down command and control approach, were unable to handle the relatively large number of refugees who arrived in a short period of time, grassroots social movements based on bottom–up participation emerged. Grassroots volunteers were not only politically engaged, protesting against the strict refugee reception policy, but they also became involved in the crisis response, showing a great deal of flexibility. Although the social movements struggled with their organizational structures, they were able to adapt their missions and structures to changing circumstances. To achieve a resilience‐based response to future refugee influxes, this article advocates for formal response organizations to dismantle their static, top–down approach, and for social movements to find a balance between participation and professionalism. If institutionalized refugee response organizations adapt to the dynamics of local conditions, they could create the conditions for resilient solutions in the crisis context.     

A critical approach to wage devaluation: The case of Spanish economic recovery

In line with the orientation of EU economic policy, the Spanish government has favoured a strategy of internal devaluation as a way of adjusting price levels within the currency union. The results of empirical studies indicate that the internal devaluation applied in Spain does not seem to have attained the desired goals in terms of reducing the relative prices of exports and consolidating a model of growth based on external demand. Indeed, the estimates drawn up show that tailwinds – the depreciation of the euro and the fall in risk premium as results of the measures taken by the ECB, greater economic activity by trading partners and the fall in the price of oil – exercised a decisive influence in the trends followed by the prices of exports and the balance of trade during the period of crisis management in Spain.     

The impact of managerial political ties on corporate governance and debt financing: Evidence from Ghana

In this study, we draw upon insights from agency theory to examine the impact of managerial political ties on cost of debt and also to explore whether corporate governance mediates this impact. We hypothesize that political ties reduce financial reporting quality, disclosure of non-financial information and board independence, and are therefore associated with higher interest rates. We also hypothesize that the negative effect of political ties on the cost of debt will be stronger if firms borrow from privately-owned banks versus government-owned banks. Using data from Ghana, we find support for our direct and moderation hypotheses; political ties are associated with high interest rates and poor corporate governance. However, we do not find evidence of mediation. Altogether, the findings reveal the dark side of political connections and highlight the cost of political embeddedness in emerging credit markets.