Equal Parenting when Families Break Apart: Alternating Residence and the Best Interests of the Child in Sweden

Shared, or alternating, residence for children when their parents separate is increasingly common. Sweden adopted a new policy in 1998 (modified in 2006) which gave courts the mandate to order 50/50 alternating residence against the will of one parent. Since then, the 50/50 alternating residence has become the legal norm in Sweden in cases of disputed custody. In this article, we ask how Swedish policymakers reasoned in relation to the potentially conflicting values of equal parenting post‐separation and the interests of children. More specifically, we investigate how they addressed some of the most common objections to court‐ordered alternating residence. We found that all three issues were discussed extensively during the policy‐making process, but that, in the end, none of them was seen as contradictory to the goal of promoting more equal parenting roles post‐separation through the introduction of court‐ordered alternating residence. This policy outcome, we argue, should be seen in light of Sweden's long‐standing commitment to strengthening the role of fathers in the care of children.     

College students,shared decision making,and the appropriate use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections: A systematic literature review

ABSTRACT

Objective: This systematic review examines shared decision making to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics for college students with respiratory tract infections. Participants/Methods: CINAL, Cochrane, PubMed, EBSCO, and PsycNET were searched in October 2014 using the following criteria: English language, human subjects, peer-reviewed, shared decision making for respiratory tract infections, adult patients or college students, and antibiotic use for respiratory tract infections. Twelve articles were selected for final review. Results: College students and younger, more educated, adults prefer shared decision making. Shared decision making shows promise for decreasing antibiotic use for respiratory tract infections. Education, understanding, and provider-patient communication are important to the shared decision-making process. Conclusions: Shared decision making shows promise to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in college students and could be considered for future studies.     

中国区域碳减排责任分摊研究——基于共同环境责任视角

区域间碳减排责任分摊,是制定节能减排政策的一大关键难题。为合理确定各区域碳减排责任,基于投入产出方法对中国区域间产品贸易隐含碳排放进行测算,进而按照共同环境责任原则确定各区域碳减排责任比重。在此基础上,将中国2020年减排目标逐年进行区域分摊。研究发现:中国碳排放存在由资源富裕区域向沿海发达地区转移、由沿海向中部区域转移的基本特征;2006—2020年中国累计应减少碳排放量随经济增长速度的提高而增加;中部地区分摊的减排任务最重,京津区域减排任务最轻。为实现总体减排目标,国家应对中部、西北等区域进行财政补贴,鼓励其调整产业和贸易结构,淘汰落后产能,降低碳排放强度;同时,应激励东部沿海区域对能源富裕区域进行资金、技术和人才支持。     

Pop Goes the Woozle: Being Misled by Research on Child Custody and Parenting Plans

Mental health professionals, lawyers, and judges whose work involves child custody decisions are often presented with social science research on issues related to which parenting plan is in the children’s best interests. Unfortunately, this research can be misrepresented in ways that mislead these professionals and the children’s parents, leading to child custody decisions that are not the most beneficial for the children. The process of misrepresenting the research in ways that create myths and misconceptions has been referred to as woozling. This article describes how social science data can be woozled, illustrating this with examples related to parenting plans for children under the age of 5 whose parents have separated.     

Shared Parenting After Divorce: A Review of Shared Residential Parenting Research

One of the most complex and compelling issues confronting policymakers, parents, and the family court system is what type of parenting plan is most beneficial for children after their parents' divorce. How much time should children live with each parent? An increasing number of children are living with each parent at least 35% of the time in shared residential parenting families: How are these children and their parents faring? In what ways, if any, do divorced parents who share the residential parenting differ from parents whose children live almost exclusively with their mother? How stable are shared residential parenting plans? By reviewing the existing studies on shared parenting families, these questions are addressed.     

Shared Physical Custody: Summary of 40 Studies on Outcomes for Children

One of the most complex and compelling issues confronting policymakers, parents, and professionals involved in making custody decisions is this: What type of parenting plan is most beneficial for the children after their parents separate? More specifically, are the outcomes any better or worse for children who live with each parent at least 35% of the time compared to children who live primarily with their mother and spend less than 35% of the time living with their father? This article addresses this question by summarizing the 40 studies that have compared children in these two types of families during the past 25 years. Overall the children in shared parenting families had better outcomes on measures of emotional, behavioral, and psychological well-being, as well as better physical health and better relationships with their fathers and their mothers, benefits that remained even when there were high levels of conflict between their parents.     

Couples,Money, and Expectations: Negotiating Financial Management Roles to Increase Relationship Satisfaction

How couples handle money has become a popular subject among scholars, practitioners, and the popular press. However, little is known about how finances should be treated within a clinical context. This study examined the financial management roles in which couples participate and their satisfaction level with these roles as well as couples' communication tactics surrounding money and their impact on relationship and financial satisfaction. Results suggested that having shared goals and values about money were a stronger predictor of relationship satisfaction than were communication strategies. In addition, satisfaction with one's financial management role participation may be more important than self-reported financial management roles each partner performs. In this study, financial management roles included 19 areas, including responsibilities such as bookkeeping, financial decision-making, and taxes.     

石黑一雄小说的文化侨易书写——基于人类命运共同体视阈

侨易是石黑一雄文学创作的文化隐喻。在石黑一雄的侨易书写中,通过描绘英国孤儿侨居上海的身世之谜、克隆人寄宿人间的伦理之殇、不列颠和撒克逊民族间侨动的战争之灾等跨文化冲突,揭示出地理位移是造成文化变动之因,和而不同、互为彼此的间性文化交易则是消弭侨易困境的恒常之道。石黑一雄在全球故事讲述中创生的三重侨易价值维度,即和合共生身份观、义利统一伦理观、互助一体民族观,与人类命运共同体这一时代理念相契合。作为跨文化传播的生动例证,石黑一雄从他者共鸣的文化立场呼应、印证人类命运共同体理念,符合当代人类共同的理想设计与文化诉求。     

一个与分担值相关的亚纯函数正规定则

设D是C内的一个区域,n,k≥2是两个正整数,a是有限非零复数,P是一个多项式,且其次数或者degP≥3,或者degP=2且P只有一个不同零点,F是D内的亚纯函数族,对任意f∈F,f的零点重级至少是k.若F中任意函数f与g,P（f）（f（k））n和P（g）（g（k））n在D内分担a,那么F在D内正规.     

“十二五” 规划中“包容性增长”概念探析

“包容性增长”包括经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等各个方面,经济增长与其他各方面的增长应该是互相协调、和谐增长、可持续增长和科学增长;经济增长的同时,财富公平分配,不造成贫富差距,向低收入人群倾斜,使所有人都从增长中获益。文章旨在通过对“包容性增长”概念之阐释,以更好地理解“包容性增长”的深刻含义,促进经济变革与社会更好更快地发展。