论公司治理模式类型的划分

关于公司治理模式,目前存在着各种各样的分类方法.这些方法对于认识和比较各种公司治理模式的长短得失是很有意义的,但它们又不同程度地存在着一些问题.在现代公司中,由于管理者掌握着公司的实际控制权,因而有必要以管理者所受约束为标准划分公司治理模式的类型.考虑到管理者所受约束的实际情况,可将公司治理模式分为市场约束型、关系约束型、政府约束型和家族约束型等四种类型.     

论社会公民权的保障——以国家义务的适当承担为出发点

社会福利制度与公民权的结合便形成社会公民权。社会公民权之目的是确保一定的福利水平，使公民过上一种“文明化的生活”。而国家一般通过宪法等形式来确认社会公民权。公民与国家在社会公民权方面的争议可通过社会公民权的适当限制、理性的公众参与以及相应的司法救济予以解决。     

A Collection of Thoughts and Findings on Affirmative Action

Abstract

During the 1980s and ′90s grassroots feminist and neoconservative movements increased in size and strength around the world. In the U.S. and globally, conservatives organized against the welfare state and against feminism. As a result, feminist social work has been constrained and enhanced by the competing claims of these divergent movements. This article presents a case study of one U.S. battered women's organization which retrenched and then reasserted its feminism in reaction to these contradictory forces. The analysis of this example explores the question of how feminist social workers can apply the capacity of feminist thinking and action, given the conservative constraints.     

Is there nothing beyond postmodernism and ‘the theoretical Other’? The need for balancing universalism and diversity in social work

In his article, 'Against difference and diversity in social work: the case of human rights', Stephen Webb captures several important problems concerning the application of a postmodern human rights perspective in social work. Although accepting Webb's diagnosis, for example that the postmodern discourse neglects basic structural conditions essential for understanding social problems and thus leads to a policy of symbols and rhetoric, this article argues that Webb reifies the perspectives of diversity and universalism and misses the need for balancing these aspects in the practice of social work. Some general argumentative techniques in the postmodern discourse are identified, and it is argued that several of Webb's conclusions are reached via those argumentative techniques, particularly when it comes to his claim that the philosopher Alain Badiou could play a central role for social work. The possibility of implementing in social work general philosophical programmes such as Alain Badiou's is questioned.     

关于儒学中"历史文化优先"意识的一些思考

儒学思想有一种原则,就是崇尚历史文化。历史文化是多个世纪累积而成的精神尺度。儒家相信人不应受动物属性和快乐欲求支配,而应在大的精神尺度上成为一个“人”。这个大的尺度就是由历史文化累积而成。现代社会的主流道德是从自然人权的初始假定引申出来,与从“人禽之别”引申的儒家道德有很大不同。前者可称为“权利”道德,后者可称为“教化”道德。中国现在尤其需要落实“权利”道德。但“教化”道德也应纳入学术界的视野。     

关于完善“婚外恋”行为立法的几点思考

合法的婚姻家庭关系受法律保护。“婚外恋”引起的违法行为不仅违背了人们的道德观念,也开始引起立法上的争论。从法理上看,它破坏了法律保护的婚姻家庭关系,对之约束是可能的,从实践上看又是复杂的。我国现行法律法规对之已有一定约束,但远远不能体现法律的公平精神。在以后的立法完善工作中,还有许多制度值得参考,借鉴。     

国际人权公约的法律监督

从有政治和道义价值的人权宣言在条件成熟时发展为有法律约束力的人权公约 ,对促进国际人权合作有积极意义。公约的法律监督以审评缔约国关于本国人权状况的报告为主 ,形成一套机制和操作程序 ,强调专家监督机构与缔约国间的对话。这与借人权之名搞政治对抗 ,是不同的。公约体制的实施是国际监督和尊重国家主权间取得某种平衡的过程     

论政府生态规制的制度优化

生态市场由于产权不安全或不存在、外部性与公共性等原因失灵,需要政府生态规制的介入,以求提高生态市场的运行效率。但现实情况是,作为一个公共产权机构,政府的生态规制运行机制也常常出现失灵。因此,应针对政府生态规制失灵的主要原因,探讨其优化的制度安排,包括强化对生态规制者的规制、建立公共租金消散机制、放松生态规制和优化生态规制。