社会经济发展观底蕴探析

经济发展的史实和经济发展的理论都曾背弃了人的“原本的生活世界” ,造成在现实生活方面 ,经济发展表现为对物质财富的过度攀比和对人的需要的多元性的忽视 ,把人类的福利狭隘地理解为物质享受 ;在经济理论方面 ,发展表现为单纯强调GDP的增长 ,忽视人类安身立命的社会、生态、资源所构成的环境 ,忽视人的发展。理论与实践的这种导向淹没了人的主体意识 ,人的需要被限制在经济与技术理性中 ,可持续发展观的提出实际上是对人在经济发展中的主体性和目的性的恢复。     

中美两国贫富分化的比较及其启示

从数字上看 ,中美两国的贫富差距都已经到了极为严重的地步 ,并且两国国内的收入差距均呈现出不断扩大的趋势 ,但两国的贫富差距的表现形式以及造成贫富差距不断扩大的原因都不同。经济增长有利于消灭绝对贫困 ,但并不必然会缩小社会的贫富差距 ;考察一个国家的贫富差距程度 ,不能仅凭简单的数字对比 ;中国面临既要发展经济以解决增量财富不足 ,又要解决社会贫富差距的双重压力     

Measuring costs from permitted gaming: concepts and categories in evaluating gambling's consequences

This paper addresses the methodology of cost–benefit analysis as applied to policy alternatives regarding legally sanctioned gambling in its various forms. Existing economic studies regarding the social costs of gambling are reviewed and critiqued. Distinctions are made between definitions of social costs that are defined as actions which result in negative changes in aggregate social wealth (the narrow definition), and those which also include internal nonmarket costs that are borne by individual gamblers and their immediate families and acquaintances (the broader definition). This distinction is important because of its bearing on economic policies that are primarily concerned with economic efficiency versus policies that are more paternalistic, which attempt to protect individuals from self-damage or self-destruction by restricting their ranges of choice. Whether societies choose to prohibit or severely restrict permitted gambling, or allocate substantial resources to mitigate its negative side effects, rests largely on which of these perspectives regarding social costs they find more appropriate. Finally, the issue of social protection through restrictions on the availability of gambling to the entire population, versus a strategy tailored toward identifiable problem gamblers, is discussed.     

社会财富的基本性质、实体与分类

"人本位世界"是经济学的基础平台。在此基础上,社会财富具有四个基本性质:人类有用性或效用性、劳动性或稀缺性、物质性和社会历史性。社会财富实体与物理学中的光一样,也具有两象性,即自然物质和对象化劳动这两个实体,其中对象化劳动是财富的社会实体,构成经济学的研究对象。按不同的标准,社会财富可以划分为:有形财富与无形财富、生理财富与心理财富、以物质形式满足需要的财富与以意识形式满足需要的财富。     

"单位制"变革与城市社会成员的贫富分化

"单位制"是新中国成立以来中国城市社会普遍实行的一种组织制度和管理制度.在完全的单位体制下,城市社会成员的收入差距受到了国家的严格控制,整体呈现出一种平均主义的特征.随着改革的深入,一方面,单位组织在分配国家资源方面仍然处于主导地位;另一方面,单位组织的利益型特征逐渐突出.单位组织自身的状况(内生性因素)以及其与社会的联系(外生性因素)成为影响城市社会成员贫富分化的重要因素.在单位制变革的过程中应当控制过高的贫富差距,体现公平与效率的统一,维护社会稳定,促进社会发展.     

以最小的价格支配最大的财富——关于解决世界贫困问题的经济学思考

经济贫困的根本原因在于落后的国家或地区的劳动整体发展中主体智力水平低,即劳动的复杂程度低,决定贫困的是劳动主体,而不是劳动客体。现实地看,落后的国家或地区无法依靠自身力量解决贫困问题,必须有发达国家或地区的外力帮助,这种帮助主要是通过教育的力量提高落后的国家或地区的劳动主体智力发展水平,这就是要以最小价格的教育投入使这些落后的国家或地区得到当代高智力复杂劳动创造的知识效用代表的最大的社会财富。     

殷墟青铜礼器组合研究

殷墟青铜礼器的组合关系 ,不仅有明显的时代标记 ,而且是晚商礼制的重要反映。殷墟盛行聚族而葬 ,族墓地之间礼器组合可能也有差别 ,西区墓地的礼器组合就有东、西之别 ,东部以觚爵为主 ,西部以鼎簋为主。殷墟时期存在着明显的“财富与地位差”现象 ,这种财富与地位的不相承是在特定的社会环境下形成的。殷墟晚期虽食器比例有所增加 ,但重酒之风仍没有质的变化。     

构建社会财富公平占有的和谐社会

通过分析财富占有不公对构建和谐社会的影响(其中涉及自然资源占有、使用不公、分配不公等现象),指出产生不公的原因,提出解决社会财富占有不公、促进社会和谐发展的措施。     

老子名利观思想及其现实意义

通过道家思想与儒家思想的对比,阐述“老子思想”中的“功成身退”、“善利万物而不争”、“身重于物”的观点,突出老子名利观思想在现实生活中的社会意义和社会价值。     

Aging With Rising Risk: Have Older Households Experienced Faster-Growing Risk Exposure Than Younger Ones Since the 1990s?

Financial markets have been characterized by boom and bust cycles since the 1980s, while the responsibility for managing retirement wealth has increasingly shifted onto individual households at the same time. Policy makers and experts have expressed concern over rising risk exposure among older householders, who appear to be increasingly exposed to the growing financial risks just as they near retirement. We consider household data from the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances from 1989 to 2010 to analyze the correlation between age and risk exposure. We test whether older householders’ risk exposure has indeed grown over time, whether it has increased more than that of younger householders, whether changes in the demographic composition of older householders have contributed to older households’ rising risk exposure, and the degree to which increases in risk exposure can be traced to a growing concentration of household assets held in stocks and housing and to rising householder indebtedness. Our results indicate that risk exposure has grown more for older householders than for younger ones, that demographic changes among older householders have contributed to additional increases in older householders’ risk exposure, and that the growth of older householders’ risk exposure is driven more by rising risky asset concentration and less by greater indebtedness.