论对社区矫正对象的权利保障及其立法贯彻

社区矫正对象与监狱服刑人员一样,属于“犯罪(受刑)人”群体。当前的社区矫正试点工作,必须突出对矫正对象权利的保障。鉴于社区矫正立法的阙如,在中国未来的社区矫正法中,应明确肯认宪法的“国家尊重和保障人权”原则,并在规定社区矫正实施机构的管理职权和社区矫正对象的义务与权利等方面,要创设人道、科学、系统化的制度来保障社区矫正对象的法定权利。这既是落实宪法和有关国际人权规约的立法要求,也是革新社区矫正制度的根本价值所系。     

论抽象行政不作为侵权及其法律救济

目前,我国行政法学界对行政不作为的研究相当薄弱。中国首例公民状告政府行政“立法”不作为案,使这一理论问题凸显出来。抽象行政不作为是一种违法行为,由于其作用的对象广泛,比具体行政不作为更具有危害性,应将抽象行政不作为纳入行政侵权行为的范畴,对其进行救济。     

刑事司法沉默权刍议

沉默权是刑事诉讼中,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人享有的一项自然权利,是无罪推定原则的延伸。西方大多数国家在刑事诉讼中采取了沉默权制度,中国目前尚未有关于沉默权的明确规定。我国应借鉴国外的经验,加强立法确立沉默权制度,以完善我国刑事司法制度。     

关于金融债权维权的思考

金融债权维护难是当前金融业面临的普遍问题,也是创建金融安全区的极大障碍,文章在深入探讨金融债权维护难的原因基础上,有针对性地提出一些对策和建议。     

社会保险制度中社会风险的产生、内涵及应对*

社会风险是社会保险制度存在的前提,没有社会风险,就不会有社会保险。从风险、风险社会及社会风险这些相关概念出发,全面阐述社会保险制度中社会风险的产生及其发展路径,发现社会保险制度上所应对的社会风险是一种中度危险的风险事故,有着自身特定的制度内涵。在此基础上,从作为技术途径的保险原则与社会保险权之权利规则的两个视角分析了社会保险制度对社会风险的应对原理、机制与优势。     

两种"公地悲剧"的比较与我国国有企业产权调整

对比两种“公地悲剧”的产权结构、成因和解决方式,可以发现产权结构调整与资源配置效率相适应是一个不断的试错过程,有效的产权制度必然促使成本与收益向行为者集中。产权结构调整与产权束调整是产权制度创新的主要方式。无论何种方式的产权制度变革都需遵循一定的规则,其调整的目的是降低交易成本、提高产权效率、增加产权主体收益。     

警察人权面临困境的行政法解析

袭警案件的多发凸显了警察人权面临的困境。警察人权处于警察与国家、警察与公民双重关系之中,结合行政法学上“特别权力关系”和“反射利益”两个基本概念研究警察的多重身份和警察权对警察人权的影响,有利于在理论和实践上对警察权益保护的研究能在一个更广阔的平台上进行。     

刑事程序性权利的保障

随着保障人权意识在刑事诉讼中的觉醒,刑事程序性权利的保障必将成为刑事诉讼中的核心问题。刑事程序性权利的价值可区分为程序性权利的工具价值和内在价值。前者是实现实体权利的手段,后者是基于普遍的人性为基础的独立价值。对我国现行刑事诉讼法中刑事程序性权利内在价值的缺失与薄弱环节的完善,是今后现代化法治建设的紧迫任务。     

Youth Jury Policy Deliberation: Towards a Fair and Responsible Internet

Young people aged between 12 and 17 across three major British cities — London, Leeds and Nottingham — were invited to play the role of ‘jurors’ on a case where ‘the Internet was put on trial’. The recommendations reported in this paper are intended to improve digital experience and online safety as contributions to policy. These recommendations derive from the ‘youth jurors’ policy deliberations designed to encourage young people to reflect on their digital experience and collectively develop their own problem definitions and solutions.     

The experiences of privately practising midwives in Australia who have been reported to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency: A qualitative study

BackgroundIn Australia the majority of homebirths are attended by privately practising midwives (PPMs). In recent years PPMs have been increasingly reported to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) mostly by other health professionals.Purposeto explore the experiences of PPMs in Australia who have been reported to the AHPRA.MethodsA qualitative interpretive approach, employing in-depth interviews with eight PPMs was undertaken and analysed using thematic analysis. A feminist theoretical framework was used to underpin the research.ResultsThe majority of reports made to AHPRA occurred when midwives supported women who chose care considered outside the recommended Australian College of Midwives (ACM) Consultation and Referral Guidelines. During data analysis an overarching theme emerged, “Caught between women and the system”, which described the participants’ feelings of working as a PPM in Australia. There were six themes and several sub-themes: The suppression of midwifery, A flawed system, Lack of support, Devastation on so many levels, Making changes in the aftermath and Walking a tight rope forever. The findings from this study reveal that midwives who are under investigation suffer from emotional and psychological distress. Understanding the effects of the process of investigation is important to improve the quality of professional and personal support available to PPMs who are reported to AHPRA and to streamline processes.ConclusionIt is becoming increasingly difficult for PPMs to support the wishes and needs of individual women and also meet the requirements of the regulators, as well as the increasingly risk averse health service.