The computation of average run length and average time to signal: an overview

Control charts are widely used in industries to monitor a process for quality improvement. Evaluation of the average run length (ARL) or average time to signal (ATS) plays an important role in the design of control charts and performance comparison. In this paper, we review several basic and popular procedures, including the Markov chain and integral equation methods for computing ARL, ATS and associated run length distributions for cumulative sum charts, exponentially weighted moving average charts and combined control charts, respectively. Some important references and key formulations are provided for practitioners.     

A comparison of multivariate signal discrimination techniques

This paper investigates several techniques to discriminate two multivariate stationary signals. The methods considered include Gaussian likelihood ratio tests for variance equality, a chi-squared time-domain test, and a spectral-based test. The latter two tests assess equality of the multivariate autocovariance function of the two signals over many different lags. The Gaussian likelihood ratio test is perhaps best viewed as principal component analyses (PCA) without dimension reduction aspects; it can be modified to consider covariance features other than variances via dimension augmentation tactics. A simulation study is constructed that shows how one can make inappropriate conclusions with PCA tests, even when dimension augmentation techniques are used to incorporate non-zero lag autocovariances into the analysis. The various discrimination methods are first discussed. A simulation study then illuminates the various properties of the methods. In this pursuit, calculations are needed to identify several multivariate time series models with specific autocovariance properties. To demonstrate the applicability of the methods, nine US and Canadian weather stations from three distinct regions are clustered. Here, the spectral clustering perfectly identified distinct regions, the chi-squared test performed marginally, and the PCA/likelihood ratio method did not perform well.     

Single and multiple error state-space models for signal extraction

We compare the results obtained by applying the same signal-extraction procedures to two observationally equivalent state-space forms. The first model has different errors affecting the states and the observations, while the second has a single perturbation term which coincides with the one-step-ahead forecast error. The signals extracted from both forms are very similar but their variances are drastically different, because the states for the single-source error representation collapse to exact values while those coming from the multiple-error model remain uncertain. The implications of this result are discussed both with theoretical arguments and practical examples. We find that single error representations have advantages to compute the likelihood or to adjust for seasonality, while multiple error models are better suited to extract a trend indicator. Building on this analysis, it is natural to adopt a ‘best of both worlds’ approach, which applies each representation to the task in which it has comparative advantage.     

双线性变换的计算实现

针对双线性变换在工程设计中存在的困难,通过计算机计算,由已知模拟系统传递函数各质量批示参数自动变换到数字城中,建立了一一对应的矩阵关系。进行矩阵运算后,得到所需的数字系统传递函数,它快速、方便、精度高、便于调整优化,在自动控制和数字信号处理中具有一定的价值。     

同步发电机稳态和暂态信号的高精度检测系统

介绍了大型同步发电机稳态和暂态运行信号的快速精密检测系统。该系统能实时动态显示不同发电机稳态运行信息，在对电机暂态运行进行声光报警的同时，能将电机故障信息保存到扩展RAM区，供PC机进行数据分析和处理，而且具有很高的可靠性和实用性，系统总精度可达0．1％。文中给出了系统的主要软硬件结构图和部分单元的硬件电路，实现了汇编、C与Fortran的多语言混合编程。     

On the use and evaluation of prospective scan methods for health-related surveillance

Summary.  We review some prospective scan-based methods that are used in health-related applications to detect increased rates of mortality or morbidity and to detect bioterrorism or active clusters of disease. We relate these methods to the use of the moving average chart in industrial applications. Issues that are related to the performance evaluation of spatiotemporal scan-based methods are discussed. In particular we clarify the definition of a recurrence interval and demonstrate that this measure does not reflect some important aspects of the statistical performance of scan-based, and other, surveillance methods. Some research needs in this area are given.     

基于小波变换的钻头实验信号降噪方法

在钻头破岩实验中存在钻头对岩石的周期性动载冲击, 同时受实验设备和环境等因素的影响, 在动态信号中存在着大量噪声, 无法获得准确的测试数据, 实验结果往往不能真实反映实验的特性和规律。基于小波变换的浮动阈值方法, 建立了一套用于钻头破岩实验测试信号噪声压制方法, 通过对实验和实测数据的处理和分析, 证明了方法有效性, 提高了实验数据的准确性和可靠性。     

Behavioral Impact of a Corporate Driving Policy

Abstract

Pizza deliverers at two stores received turn-signal policy statements with two paychecks in an AB1B2 multiple baseline design. At Store A turn-signal use rose from a baseline mean of 70% to 78% after the first policy statement and to 84% after the second policy statement. At Store B turn-signal use rose from a baseline mean of 46% to 51% after the first policy statement and to 59% after the second policy statement. Concurrent observations of safety-belt use showed decreases from 78% to 65% at Store A and 74% to 59% at Store B after the first policy statement.     

Overview

No abstract available for this article.     

一种基于同步抽样技术的周期信号高精度DFT分析

提出了一种提高周期信号ＤＦＴ分析精度的同步抽样技术，对其原理作了详细的分析，给出了实现电路。文中以一组周期信号的ＤＦＴ分析为例，比较了信号谱的幅度和相位误差，其结果表明频谱精度大大提高。