Multiple Comparison Procedures: The Practical Solution

A practicing statistician looks at the multiple comparison controversy and related issues through the eyes of the users. The concept of consistency is introduced and discussed in relation to five of the more common multiple comparison procedures. All of the procedures are found to be inconsistent except the simplest procedure, the unrestricted least significant difference (LSD) procedure (or multiple t test). For this and other reasons the unrestricted LSD procedure is recommended for general use, with the proviso that it should be viewed as a hypothesis generator rather than as a method for simultaneous hypothesis generation and testing. The implications for Scheffé's test for general contrasts are also discussed, and a new recommendation is made.     

On C pk Assessment in the Presence of Tool Wear

Process capability indices are routinely used in manufacturing industries for process monitoring. A basic assumption while using process capability indices is that there are no assignable causes of variation present. However, when variation due to an assignable cause is present and is tolerated, the conventional methods of capability measurement become inaccurate. In this article, we suggest an estimate of C_pk assuming that the process capability changes dynamically. We obtain an exact form of the sampling distribution in the presence of a systematic assignable cause. We discuss the problem of testing whether a given process is capable. The critical values for different sample sizes are obtained based on the sampling distribution. An example involving tool wear problem is presented.     

Least significant spacing for ‘one versus the rest’ normal populations

Consider sample means from k(≥2) normal populations where the variances and sample sizes are equal. The problem is to find the ‘least significant difference’ or ‘spacing’ (LSS) between the two largest means, so that if an observed spacing is larger we have confidence 1 - α that the population with largest sample mean also has the largest population mean.

When the variance is known it is shown that the maximum LSS occurs when k = 2, provided a < .2723. In other words, for any value of k we may use the usual (one-tailed) least significant difference to demonstrate that one population has a population mean greater than (or equal to) the rest.

When the variance is estimated bounds are obtained for the confidence which indicate that this last result is approximately correct.     

三大优良作风是我党不断前进的重要法宝

理论联系实际、密切联系群众、批评与自我批评三大作风是我党在长期的革命实践中的显著标志和政治优势,也是我们党领导人民群众从胜利走向胜利的显著标志和政治优势.在新形势下,三大优良作风并没有过时,仍然是我党不断前进的重要法宝.     

对见义勇为的立法思考

见义勇为作为一种法律行为 ,其行为人应具有非义务性、正义性、直接面临本人遭受重大损害的危险和实施了同违法犯罪作斗争或抢险救灾的行为的法律特征。当前 ,对见义勇为的社会控制应在充分发挥道德作用的基础上 ,强化对见义勇为的法律控制。在坚持对见义勇为人员保护为先、保护见义勇为的责任应由国家和社会承担、正确处理见义勇为不当造成侵权 (或者防卫过当 )、区分特定主体的见义勇为和见义不为的原则基础上 ,从立法理由、立法形式、框架设计方面加强对见义勇为的立法构想     

基于FESA/TRIZ的机械产品创新设计方法

机械产品的设计一直注重于市场需求和产品功能的开发,随着科学和技术的发展,环境因素变得越来越重要。 提出一种基于功能一环境一结构分析( FESA)与TRIZ的机械产品创新设计方法,通过分析机械产品结构之间的功能要素 以及功能要素与环境要素的相互作用关系,确定机械产品中存在的问题。建立根原因模型图,寻找结构设计上的不足和 缺陷,利用TRIZ创新理论来实现机械产品的改进创新。通过污水处理系统的创新设计实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

耐人寻味的沉默与友善——论“文艺自由论辩”中鲁迅对胡秋原的态度及其原因

在1930年代的"文艺自由论辩"中,鲁迅对"第三种人"是持续关注和批判的,而对"自由人"胡秋原则保持沉默,并且在事后显出友善态度,究其原因,主要在于胡秋原的文艺观点、文学评论上具有相当的合理性,在某些重要观点和思想上二人具有相通性:对于思想自由、创作自由的认同,对于文艺的社会政治功能的辩证理解,对于普列汉诺夫文艺思想的接受等等。鲁迅和胡秋原在政治态度和文艺观点的关联与交错现象在中国现代文学史上具有典型性,而鲁迅与左翼主流理论家们对待胡秋原的差异则显示出他卓尔不群的独立思想和自由意志。     

当代大学生犯罪的原因及其防控对策分析

近年来,大学生犯罪不仅数量呈上升趋势,犯罪领域不断扩大,而且其犯罪呈现团伙化、多元化和智能化的趋势,大学生犯罪已成为一个不可回避的社会问题。大学生犯罪的原因复杂,既有来自个体的原因,又有来自家庭、学校和社会的原因。因此,防范和减少大学生犯罪的对策也是一个复杂的系统工程,针对大学生犯罪的成因,其预防应包括加强学校教育,培养健康的心理素质、良好的道德素质和法制观念,强化家庭教育,同时注重社会预防的功效。     

大学生犯罪心理的成因及其对策

大学生犯罪有其自身特点且不容忽视,摸清其现状、规律和原因,找出相应对策对提高高校法制教育和保卫工作的有效性和针对性,有较强的现实意义。     

语篇衔接与英语习得程度调查分析

通过对大学非英语专业学生的英语议论文写作中使用的语篇连接词进行统计分析,探讨学习者语篇衔接意识和能力与英语习得程度的关系。研究结果发现:1)学习者使用连接词的意识和能力与他们的英语习得程度有关系;2)英语习得程度好的学习者与程度差的学习者所使用的连接词在总数和类别数量上有显著差异;3)在议论文体中所使用的连接词存在单一的特点。