A circular-cone test for testing homogeneity against a simple tree order

Several methods exist for the problem of testing the equality of several treatments against the one-sided alternative that the treatments are better than the control. These methods include Dunnett's test, Bartholomew's likelihood-ratio test, the Abelson-Tukey-Schaafsma-Smid optimal-contrast test, and the multiple-contrast test of Mukerjee, Robertson, and Wright. A new test is proposed based on an approximation of the likelihood-ratio test of Bartholomew. This test involves using a circular cone in place of the alternative-hypothesis cone. The circular-cone test has excellent power characteristics similar to those of Bartholomew's test. Moreover, it has the advantages of being simpler to compute and may be used with unequal sample sizes.     

Conditionally Reducible Natural Exponential Families and Enriched Conjugate Priors

Consider a standard conjugate family of prior distributions for a vector-parameter indexing an exponential family. Two distinct model parameterizations may well lead to standard conjugate families which are not consistent, i.e. one family cannot be derived from the other by the usual change-of-variable technique. This raises the problem of finding suitable parameterizations that may lead to enriched conjugate families which are more flexible than the traditional ones. The previous remark motivates the definition of a new property for an exponential family, named conditional reducibility. Features of conditionally-reducible natural exponential families are investigated thoroughly. In particular, we relate this new property to the notion of cut, and show that conditionally-reducible families admit a reparameterization in terms of a vector having likelihood-independent components. A general methodology to obtain enriched conjugate distributions for conditionally-reducible families is described in detail, generalizing previous works and more recent contributions in the area. The theory is illustrated with reference to natural exponential families having simple quadratic variance function.     

底蕴深厚论国是朴实无华评天下——全国政协主席李瑞环政治语言赏析

本文主要分析了李瑞环的政治语言特点,即淳朴、哲理、清新隽永、通俗酣畅.由微见著,朴实中显睿智,通俗中藏深刻,情真而意深,言精而意远,平实而感人,独到而精辟的语言风格,而这些皆根源于他深厚的理论功底和高尚的人格魅力.     

Sampling from spatial databases

This paper deals with techniques for obtaining random point samples from spatial databases. We seek random points from a continuous domain (usually ²) which satisfy a spatial predicate that is represented in the database as a collection of polygons. Several applications of spatial sampling (e.g. environmental monitoring, agronomy, forestry, etc) are described. Sampling problems are characterized in terms of two key parameters: coverage (selectivity), and expected stabbing number (overlap). We discuss two fundamental approaches to sampling with spatial predicates, depending on whether we sample first or evaluate the predicate first. The approaches are described in the context of both quadtrees and R-trees, detailing the sample first, acceptance/rejection tree, and partial area tree algorithms. A sequential algorithm, the one-pass spatial reservoir algorithm is also described. The relative performance of the various sampling algorithms is compared and choice of preferred algorithms is suggested. We conclude with a short discussion of possible extensions.     

博山方音及其辨正

博山早在春秋战国时期就成为齐国与鲁国之间的军事要塞。由于其特殊的地理位置,它保留了不少古代方言的语音特色,至今博山方言中还保留着古代方言如入声字、合音字的发音痕迹。因此,博山方言的声、韵、调,在山东方言乃至北方方言中都极具特色。     

劳动的社会价值测度研究

当今,知识和信息技术的价值化和产业化使得一般人类劳动出现了体力劳动和脑力劳动的分化,且有不同的价值体现,故马克思提出的简单劳动和复杂劳动需要重新定义,将体力劳动定义为简单劳动,脑力劳动定义为复杂劳动。简单劳动是一次耗费,一次凝结并物化到劳动产品的价值中,而复杂劳动是整体或连续性的凝结到知识及与知识相关的产品中。简单劳动和复杂劳动的价值测度模型表明：在完美市场状态下,如果简单劳动的社会劳动生产率提高,那么复杂劳动者的价值也会相应提高。据此,我国要建立健全劳动力市场,就要注重劳动的平等性,对于复杂劳动要建立长效的报酬机制,鼓励创新和社会价值的提升;对于简单劳动要建立充分的竞争机制,给予简单劳动者二次分配后的社会福利与收入补贴。     

延安文学精神论纲

延安文学是20世纪中国文学的重要构成。从文学发展史的角度看,延安文学不仅是一种历史文学现象,而且更具一种文学精神价值。延安文学精神是文学的时代使命担当精神,是文学为人民大众服务精神,是文学追求朴素与崇高相结合的艺术审美创新精神。延安时期异彩纷呈的文学实践（庞大的作家队伍、众多的文学社团、纷繁的文学期刊、丰厚的文学创作实绩）是延安文学精神形成的文学基础,毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》精神是延安文学精神的理论核心。延安文学精神是中国当代文学发展的精神引领,对中国当代文学产生了重大而深远的影响。     

从语言结构的角度对比中西语言文化

汉语和英语的差别有很多。从语言结构的角度,通过汉英两种语言在词汇结构、单句结构、从句结构、文化原因等方面的对化加以分析。     

关于建立我国行政诉讼简易程序的思考

简易程序是一种相对于普通程序而言较简便易行的审判程序,其因自身的内外部正当性而成为平衡诉讼中公平与效率的一种捷径。而长期以来,我国行政诉讼中却排斥简易程序的适用。我们应当在简易程序正当性的基础上构建适宜的行政诉讼简易程序。     

瞿昙寺历史及其建筑艺术

位于青海省乐都县瞿昙乡的瞿昙寺 ,是由三罗喇嘛在洪武二十五年 (1392年 )创建 ,后经永乐、洪熙、宣德三代大规模扩建。寺院由围墙、山门、碑亭、佛塔、金刚殿、瞿昙殿、宝光殿、隆国殿、大小钟鼓楼、壁画、回廊、三世殿、护法殿等组成 ,是一座规模宏大的宫廷式风格的藏传佛教寺院