光荣传统映征程——纪念毛泽东题词“全心全意为人民服务”50周年、“艰苦朴素”40周年

1949年和1960年毛泽东先后为西安电子科技大学前身军委工程学校和中国人民解放军军事电信工程学院题写《全心全意为人民服务》和《艰苦朴素》两个题词。西电科大的最前身是1931年毛泽东在瑞金亲自创建的,是一所经历过万里长征的具有光荣革命传统的学校。现今她已经发展成为以信息和电子学科为主、工理文管多学科结合的全国重点大学。     

《周易》简单性原则初探

简单性原则是一种重要的科学思维方法。在中国,这个原则由《周易》首次提出,它包含四重涵义:一、复杂是由简单演化而来;二、执简御繁是一个基本的方法论;三、真理必须简明易懂;四、用最简约的语言来表述人们的思想。由此,可以认识中西方简单性原则的不同特点,以及《周易》简单性原则的主要理论坎陷。     

Postulates and paradoxes of relative voting power — A critical re-appraisal

This paper re-evaluates the problem of measuring thea priori relative voting power of a voter in an assembly. We propose several new intuitively compelling postualtes that any reasonable index of voting power ought to satisfy. At the same time we argue that most of the paradoxes of voting power discussed in the literature are paradoxical only in a weak sense, if at all. This leaves three crippling paradoxes — the well-known paradox ofweighted voting, and two new ones presented here: thebloc anddonation paradoxes. We evaluate the four main relative power indices discussed in the literature with respect to these three severe paradoxes. The Shapley-Shubik index is seen to be immune to all three paradoxes, while the Deegan-Packel index is vulnerable to all three. The Banzhaf and the Johnston indices are demonstrably immune to the paradox of weighted voting. However, they are shown to suffer from both the bloc and the donation paradoxes. We argue that this seriously undermines these indices in a hitherto unsuspected way. Several other theoretical issues relating to voting power are discussed.     

覃思精微 深远闲淡——论梅尧臣的辞赋创作

在北宋赋坛,梅尧臣较早把经世致用的思想引入辞赋创作领域,并积极探索宋赋新貌。梅尧臣标举风雅兴寄的传统,为赋往往托物而兴,针砭时弊,有的赋还表现了对政治动向的关心。他的赋对权臣疾贤妒能、小人攀龙附凤进行了辛辣的讽刺。他一生蹉跎,郁郁不得志,赋中表现穷愁之叹的作品数量不少。梅尧臣的赋往往能把自己的人生感受上升到具有普遍意义的理性高度,富于洞达人事的理趣。表现艺术方面,梅氏重视传神写照,内蕴丰富深邃,语言具有散体文风。