Street Children in Nairobi and the African Cultural Ideology of Kin-Based Support System. Change and Challenge

Poverty, rapid urbanization, population growth rate, family instability and the declining role of the extended family system are among the key factors responsible for the prevalence of child abuse and neglect in Nairobi. In this state of flux, cases of children who have been battered, abandoned, abused and neglected by their families or displaced as a result of armed conflict in the region have increased at an astounding pace over the past several years. One out of every three children from poor urban families in Kenya is regularly battered or subjected to other forms of maltreatment by a parent or other family members, the public and the authorities. Basically, there are two levels of abuse and neglect. There is abuse and neglect which children experience at home and which drives them onto the streets. There is also abuse and neglect which street children endure while on the streets. This paper discusses some of the ways in which abuse and neglect affect the lives of street children and families. It also highlights the plight of a sample of street children as exemplified by the kinds of difficulties which they endure while on the street. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

亨利·乔治土地单一税制思想评析——兼谈对我国土地管理制度改革的启示

亨利·乔治的土地单一税制思想始终贯彻公平、正义的原则,是一种由全民共享的土地改良思想。他主张征收地价税,把地租转化为财政收入,以此实现土地国有化。其最终目的是平衡发展带来的收益在各个阶层中的分配,以维护公平和正义。这一思想传入中国后,产生了较大影响。当前我国的城市土地管理应依据以民生为重的原则,改革地价体系和税收政策,最终实现土地增价归公,全民共享地利。     

A review of statistical methods in imaging genetics

With the rapid growth of modern technology, many biomedical studies are being conducted to collect massive datasets with volumes of multi‐modality imaging, genetic, neurocognitive and clinical information from increasingly large cohorts. Simultaneously extracting and integrating rich and diverse heterogeneous information in neuroimaging and/or genomics from these big datasets could transform our understanding of how genetic variants impact brain structure and function, cognitive function and brain‐related disease risk across the lifespan. Such understanding is critical for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of numerous complex brain‐related disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease). However, the development of analytical methods for the joint analysis of both high‐dimensional imaging phenotypes and high‐dimensional genetic data, a big data squared (BD²) problem, presents major computational and theoretical challenges for existing analytical methods. Besides the high‐dimensional nature of BD², various neuroimaging measures often exhibit strong spatial smoothness and dependence and genetic markers may have a natural dependence structure arising from linkage disequilibrium. We review some recent developments of various statistical techniques for imaging genetics, including massive univariate and voxel‐wise approaches, reduced rank regression, mixture models and group sparse multi‐task regression. By doing so, we hope that this review may encourage others in the statistical community to enter into this new and exciting field of research. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 108–131; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada     

唐代追尊皇后祔庙考

有关追尊皇后的祔庙情况,《新唐书》、《文献通考》、《十七史商榷》等史书记载差异较大,有皆别立庙,必祔太庙以及两者均可三种观点。先天皇后、贞顺皇后、贞懿皇后等追尊皇后神主别立庙;恭皇后、恭顺皇后、恭应皇后等追尊皇后神主祔追尊皇帝庙;宣庄皇后、光懿皇后、景烈皇后、元真皇后、太穆皇后、和思皇后、昭成皇后、肃明皇后、元献皇后、章敬皇后、哀皇后、宣懿皇后、元昭皇后、惠安皇后等追尊皇后神主都曾祔太庙。追尊皇帝的追尊皇后神主一般祔于追尊皇帝庙。神主祔太庙的追尊皇后,后嗣一般是皇帝且要配祔的皇帝室中没有其它皇后神主还要符合太庙礼制的要求。反之,则别立庙。此外,追尊为皇后时间早于需要配祔的皇帝死亡时间,这种情况下的追尊皇后神主也是要别立庙的。     

社会医疗保险组织模式的比较与选择

本文以德国与中国台湾地区为研究对象,对分散保险人和单一保险人这两种典型社会医疗保险组织模式进行比较,分析影响模式选择的决定因素;以此为基础,提出了适合中国社会医疗保险组织模式的构想.     

Single Mothers Always Lose? Union Dissolution and Perceived Changes in Material Well-Being in Lithuania

The article investigates the perceived changes in material well-being of single mothers due to union dissolution in Lithuania. The analysis is based on a nationally representative data set; our sample includes 415 single mothers with underaged children. At the core of the analysis is the effect of socioeconomic standing on the assessment of changes. I use the level of education as the proxy variable for the measurement of socioeconomic position and consider education on the individual and ex-couple level. The decline of material conditions after union dissolution was reported by 45% of the sample. The main results, based on the multivariate analysis, indicate the most negative effect of union dissolution for women from the educationally heterogeneous ex-couples, where women’s education was lower than men’s. Thus, union dissolution most negatively affects women, who were economically dependent in the previous partnership. Contrary to our expectation, we did not find any significant association between women’s education and the assessment of the changes in material well-being. However, ex-partner’s education is a significant predictor and shows the highest risk of reporting negative changes for women previously partnered with university-educated men. On a more general level, the article highlights the importance of the subjective indicators in the analysis of economic divorce outcomes.     

试评儒家生态哲学思想及其现代价值

儒家以“仁爱”思想为基础 ,以“爱物”为原则 ,以“天地万物一体”为境界 ,形成了自己的生态哲学思想和生态伦理原则。发掘和弘扬儒家的生态哲学思想 ,对于建构新的生态伦理学具有重要的现代价值。     

面向损伤识别的独塔斜拉桥模型的设计与分析

模型试验方法是桥梁结构损伤识别研究的一种重要手段。以某虚拟的独塔斜拉桥为原型,面向损识别设计制作了独塔斜拉桥试验模型。试验模型各主要构件（主梁、主塔、斜拉索）均独立加工制作,其中主梁选用铝合金材料,截面采用箱形,划分为不同长度的阶段,各节段均采用螺栓连接。通过改变节段板厚的方法实现主梁不同损伤程度的模拟,不同位置的损伤通过更换不同位置的板厚实现,从而方便的实现了模拟模型斜拉桥主梁的各种损伤状态。采用特殊的设计实现了斜拉桥结构索力的实时测试。对模型进行了静态试验,并与有限元模型计算的结果进行了对比分析。试验研究与数值分析为今后的损伤识别研究奠定了基础。     

共和主义公民身份问题及其出路

共和主义公民身份自产生以来就面临着精英主义、男子主义等严重问题,而随着后现代化和全球化的发展,其单一的公民与国家关系模式又不可避免地遭遇到多元公民身份的挑战。本文通过吸取和综合共和主义、自由主义等关于公民身份阐释的合理要素,试图重构一种更为融会贯通、具体明确和行之有效的公民身份模式——自由共和主义公民身份,以适应当今不断变化的形势和社会。     

论环境监管失职罪的罪过形式

环境监管失职罪罪过形式的立法空白导致司法实践中对该罪的认定困难。环境监管失职罪的主观方面是单一罪过形式,有且只能有过失这一种罪过形式。较之一般犯罪而言,环境监管失职罪的犯罪构造稍显特殊,负有环境监管职责的国家机关工作人员需承担两个层级的注意义务,一是对被监管者之危害行为或者其他外力因素存在的认知义务,二是对由此可能造成的法益危害结果的预见义务和对危害结果的回避义务,违反注意义务便有成立过失犯罪的可能。环境监管失职罪属于监督过失型犯罪,审判实践中应将其与出于故意心态的滥用职权罪区别开来,准确定性环境监管领域的渎职犯罪行为。