有关混凝土侧压力的规律探索和计算分析

现浇混凝土构件在初凝之前对模板产生侧压力,其大小计算一直以来采用前人的经验公式.通过公式推导和工程实例,希望进一步探索出混凝土侧压力的相关作用规律,以指导和改进工程实践.     

Using Integrated Geospatial Mapping and Conceptual Site Models to Guide Risk-Based Environmental Clean-Up Decisions

Government and private sector organizations are increasingly turning to the use of maps and other visual models to provide a depiction of environmental hazards and the potential risks they represent to humans and ecosystems. Frequently, the graphic presentation is tailored to address a specific contaminant, its location and possible exposure pathways, and potential receptors. Its format is usually driven by the data available, choice of graphics technology, and the audience being served. A format that is effective for displaying one contaminant at one scale at one site, however, may be ineffective in accurately portraying the circumstances surrounding a different contaminant at the same site, or the same contaminant at a different site, because of limitations in available data or the graphics technology being used. This is the daunting challenge facing the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which is responsible for the nation's legacy wastes from nuclear weapons research, testing, and production at over 100 sites in the United States. In this article, we discuss the development and use of integrated geospatial mapping and conceptual site models to identify hazards and evaluate alternative long-term environmental clean-up strategies at DOE sites located across the United States. While the DOE probably has the greatest need for such information, the Department of Defense and other public and private responsible parties for many large and controversial National Priority List or Superfund sites would benefit from a similar approach.     

Perception of Risk and Credibility at Toxic Sites

This study integrates previous research methodologies to compare the risk perceptions and responses to risk messages of agency personnel and neighbors of Superfund sites in Michigan. The integration attempted and the focus on risk messages are shaped by a critical review of the social amplification conceptual framework. The study involved all four agency groups and three groups of site neighbors actively involved in Superfund planning across the state. The first part of the study utilized the psychometric techniques of hazard rating and hazard profiles that had not previously been used in studies involving stakeholders. While agency personnel responded similarly to experts in previous studies, the responses of individuals in the neighbor groups reflected experience with toxic sites and were dissimilar to previous ratings by the general public. The second part of the study consisted of a hypothetical toxic site scenario that focused on specific risk messages at different times in the site history. Results indicate that the difference in perception of risk occurs after the first testing at a site, and that dramatic differences arise between agency and resident groups regarding the credibility of information sources and the need for independent testing. A general lack of trust in the Superfund program was demonstrated by all groups. The results indicate that problems of institutional credibility and program adequacy cannot be addressed by better risk communication.     

Estimated Risk of Occupational Fatalities Associated with Hazardous Waste Site Remediation

This study presents a method to assess short term traumatic fatality risks for workers involved in hazardous waste site remediation to provide a quantitative, rather than qualitative, basis for evaluating occupational exposures in remediation feasibility studies. Occupational employment and fatality data for the years 1979–1981 and 1983 were compiled from Bureau of Labor Statistics data for 11 states. These data were analyzed for 17 occupations associated with three common remediation alternatives: excavation and landfill, capping, and capping plus slurry wall. The two occupations with the highest death rates, truck driver and laborer, contributed most to total exposure hours in each alternative. Weighted average death rates were produced for each alternative and multiplied by respective total person-years of exposure. The resultant expected number of fatalities was converted, using the Poisson distribution, to the risk of experiencing at least one fatality, as follows: 0.149 for excavation and landfill, 0.012 for capping, and 0.014 for capping plus slurry wall. These risks were discussed in light of the need to obtain more reliable and comprehensive data than are currently available on the occupational safety and health risks associated with hazardous waste site remediation and the need for a more scientific, quantitative approach to remediation decisions involving risks to workers.     

网站"友情连接"所涉及的法律问题探讨

本文对网站“友情连接”现象进行了剖析 ,对该现象所涉及的多标志、知识价值隐性转移、连带责任、法律的地域作用、键面广告、连接网站性质变异等法律问题进行了分析 ,并提出了相关的制度化建议     

游客环境态度对其环境行为影响的实证研究——以世界自然遗产地张家界武陵源风景区为例

调研世界自然遗产地张家界武陵源风景区的实证数据显示,游客的环境态度对其环境行为存在显著的内在影响。其中,游客的环境知识对其环境行为有着正向影响,了解较多环境知识的游客的环境行为更积极;游客的环境信任对其环境行为有着正向影响,旅游景区内体贴的安全设施建设及配套安全措施,能够提升游客对旅游地安全的信任,并有助于改善其环境行为;游客对旅游地的环境期待与其环境行为存在负向相关关系,景区不宜通过虚假宣传等方式推高游客期待,否则极易诱发游客带有泄愤情绪的负面环境行为;游客的环境伦理观与其环境行为之间未发现显著相关性,对游客环境行为的约束对于不同伦理观的人群是普适的。     

农村宅基地使用权流转新模式的构建

在阐述中国城市住房制度改革中经营性国有土地使用权市场化的基础上,分析目前不允许农村宅基地上市流转的管理模式引发的问题,阐明构建农村宅基地使用权流转新模式的必要性,并提出保证这一新模式推行应采取的措施。     

解决大遗址区居民问题的“城中村”模式与“新农村”模式

从大遗址保护与遗址区内居民生产、生活之间存在的矛盾入手,分析了解决这一矛盾的两种途径,即"城中村"和"新农村"模式。通过探讨两种模式的适用性及其缺陷,得出只有从遗址的实际情况入手,选择适当的模式,才能实现遗址区内居民与大遗址保护和谐共存的结论。     

扬州城址与大运河的关系

随着文化遗产保护理论与实践工作的逐渐深入,大运河申报世界文化遗产工作提上日程。扬州作为大运河滥觞之地,有着其他运河城市无可比拟的优越性,大运河扬州段除了河道、船闸等水工遗产之外,也有一些非水工类的历史文化遗存,如著名的全国文物保护单位——扬州城遗址。从扬州城址变迁、扬州城址变迁与大运河的关系、扬州城址变迁与大运河联系的价值三方面进行考述,可以厘清扬州城址与大运河之间的密切联系。     

唐代的家族、地域与国家认同——唐代“归葬”现象考察

出土的唐代墓志中出现了较多的归葬现象:从唐帝国的边缘地区归葬于国家的中心长安、洛阳。唐代国家观念中的天下观与家国观,蕴含着地域观念和家族观念:地域上是对天下中心的王朝核心区的归属与认同,家族上以忠孝方式表达对家国的忠诚。这为分析唐代的国家认同提供了理路。迁葬或归葬这种耗资巨大的行为仪式即唐代士大夫阶层朴素的国家认同的表达方式。分析唐人的国家认同与唐代社会的互动,有助于吸取历史养分,理解影响国家认同的因素,促进现代的国家认同。