治理黄土高原必须抓住关键突破口

黄土高原是我国独特的地理区域,其水土流失严重,生态环境恶化,经济落后,问题很多,如何治理黄土高原一直是个难题。若能抓住关键突破口,如种树种草改善生态环境,防止水土流失,建设基本农田,解决粮食问题,开展多种经营,增加经济收入等,进行综合治理和开发,问题便将迎刃而解。     

Community-based household waste management: Lessons learnt from EXNORA's ‘zero waste management’ scheme in two South Indian cities

This paper presents two case studies on the efforts by a community-based organisation to promote a sustainable integrated waste management system in Indian mega cities. This effort was initiated in 1989 by a local non-governmental organisation (NGO) called EXNORA and is based on a ‘zero waste management scheme’ set up, run and financed by the residents themselves. As this model has been widely quoted as successful, the study aims at learning from two communities implementing this model.Results are reported from a survey of the two schemes that used various tools to assess both their performance and sustainability in selected residential areas of two Indian cities, Chennai and Hyderabad. The results indicate limited success of the schemes both in saving a significant fraction of the generated waste from dumping, and in rehabilitating the local poor. However, they show that motivated individuals can successfully set up and manage waste collection systems that lead to overall environmental improvements. The differences in the two schemes reflect how the local assets and contexts impact on the success of the scheme. The scheme in a rich neighbourhood of Hyderabad was less ambitious in its overall objectives and focussed on the provision of a waste management service, using the opportunity to provide local employment to a socially deprived fraction of the population. The scheme in a middle-class area of Chennai, although pioneering in its approach, suffered from diseconomies of scale and lack of social integration, making it less viable in the medium to long term. Both schemes suffered from a lack of community involvement, motivation and political support, which threatens the long-term sustainability of the enterprise. The research concludes that the role that communities can realistically play in management of their own waste depends on the local context. The system advocated by EXNORA seems to require significant local resources, and political and technical support which are hard to find and sustain without strong local leaders. Another model set up in the city of Visakhapatnam is finally introduced as an alternative. This is based on triangular contracts between the municipality, the residents and micro-enterprises and may provide a good solution in dealing with the technical and commercial aspects which communities find difficult.     

新时期学报资料信息工作之管见

文章从信息时代的需要出发,主要阐述了学报资料搜集的依据、原则和方法,提出了有效的管理办法和开发利用学报资料的新思路。     

贫困地区低保动态管理探析

本文从贫困人口需求获得经济利益与主体管理部门动态性控制二者的矛盾入手,对贫困地区低保动态管理的内涵进行了探析,并将低保动态管理分为三个类型:一是对象平行动态,二是实行标准上下动态,三是需求类型变化动态,进而提出了解决低保动态管理问题的路径及措施.     

公共部门信用管理:理论与实践

在公共管理中,公共部门信用是一种重要的资源,需要合理地开发和利用,加强管理.该文尝试提出公共部门信用管理这一概念,并且对公共部门信用管理的主要特征和效果体现进行初步的探讨:公共部门信用管理相对于私人部门信用管理,具有本质的公共性、主体的广泛性和内容的多样性特点;公共部门信用管理的效果,透过公共政策信用、公共服务的契约信用和公共管理的规则信用体现出来;公共部门应该通过倡导公共部门信用意识和意愿、提高公共部门信用能力、加强公共部门行为过程约束和强化、对公共部门行为效果的信用责任追究等来实施信用管理.     

政府工程采购的发展情况及存在问题

政府采购机制是规范化我国政府投资建设项目管理的一个重要工作领域。文章针对我国政府采购和政府工程采购的基本发展情况进行了说明，并对政府工程采购发展过程中存在的主要问题进行了分析。     

高校人事工作科学化管理探析

创新人才人事工作机制是高校改革师资管理模式 ,优化师资结构 ,使优秀人才脱颖而出的必由之路。文章论述了高校人才人事科学化管理的方案和意见 ,提出了 2 1世纪师资队伍建设的目标以及实现目标应采取的措施     

全校公共选修课的改革与管理刍议

文章通过对全校公共选修课管理的全过程研究 ,强调公选课课程开设的必要性、科学性和可行性原则。并结合素质教育 ,提出用科学研究来促进公选课改革的体系化、系统化及规范化。从满足学生知识体系结构、个性发展及增强综合能力和创新意识的需要出发 ,对加强公选课的建设 ,规范公选课的管理 ,提高公选课的教学质量进行初步探讨     

人才测评及其功能和发展

人才测评的发展是经济建设和社会发展的必然要求 ,为此本文讨论了人才测评的功能、特性以及今后的发展方向 ,明确了人才测评在整体性人力资源开发和管理中的重要意义     

清末地方行政体制改革

在清末的预备立宪改革中 ,地方行政体制也进行了相应的改革。通过这一改革 ,初步形成了行政与立法、行政与司法的分离 ;通过机构调整 ,使各级地方政府机构向分职化方向发展 ;通过地方自治的开展 ,将基层社会的管理纳入法制化的轨道 ,从而初步形成了基层社会管理的“民治”模式。尽管这一改革没有全部完成 ,尽管改革中出现了各种弊端和问题 ,但不可否认 ,改革从根本上改变了原有的地方行政模式