Progress and cumulation in the human sciences after the fall

What do we mean by progress and cumulation in the social and human sciences? Recent thinking in the philosophy and history of science has led to an abandonment of some versions of logical positivism and of verificationism that had a strong deductive and theory testing orientation. What is to replace them is less clear. This paper argues that progress and cumulation can be seen as a process of evaluation and retention within an epistemic community. Scholarly disciplines differ in their social structure and in their epistemic and normative commitments. Since sociology is a fragmented discipline, progress and cumulation differ within its multiple subdisciplines, which to varying extents represent epistemic communities. Brief sketches of progress (advance) and cumulation in several subdisciplines are offered.     

论道德规范对社会经济发展的作用与影响

本文就道德规范对社会经济发展的作用与影响进行了多视角的剖析和论述，其中重点探讨了道德规范与社会经济制度的建设、与社会经济行为的校正、与社会经济关系的协调以及与经济体制的改革等的关系问题。     

嵌入性与中国社会的伦理场域

中国社会是伦理社会,这是对中国社会性质的一种界定与基本认识。这种认识与界定既是对传统中国的反思,又是对中国现实的把握。现代深深地嵌入在传统之中,中国人直接或间接地受传统伦理的影响和支配。伦理场域是中国人开展社会行动的依托,行动者在伦理场域中占有位置、施展策略、获取资源。因此,伦理场域是理解中国现实国情和中国人行动逻辑的关键。     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。     

Is there a field of social work?: Trainees evaluating social problems and social work

My aim was to study the experiences and priorities of two age groups of social work students practicing in client-centered social work. This article is based on the research on rationality and language games in social work. The target groups of the research project as a whole were the actors: the heads and social workers or activists in public social welfare and health care agencies and institutions and in voluntary associations and action groups, and finally, two subsequent classes of students from a school of social work, during their practicing periods. This article concentrates on the trainees. At first, the trainees wrote essays and kept diaries. Secondly, they marked their standings on graphs visualizing different types of information contents and social relation structures. Thirdly, they made their choices of reasons for and solutions to social problems on a problem wheel. The trainees' study, using different data gathering techniques, partly confirms the results of the research of the other actor groups, in which the data were derived using questionnaires and interviews. The trainees' study shows variation in the respondents' priorities within and between specified social problem categories. Qualitatively analyzed, however, the characterizations of social work, both those who currently act in and those aiming to enter this field, resemble one another.     

服装黑白色的永恒特征

一切视觉表象都是由色彩和亮度产生的,那界定形状的轮廓线,是眼睛区分几个在亮度和色彩方面都绝然不同的区域时推导出来的。色彩在服装中的表现力是极强的,是服装款式所不能替代的,特别是色彩的表情作用、象征性、情感表露、意志性的体现,使服装的蕴涵更充实。本文讲述了作为流行色的旋转中轴———黑白色,它没有时段性的流行特征,而是永久的流行色,具有永恒的特征。     

论科学发展观的本质特征

科学发展观是指导我国现代化建设的崭新思维理念。科学发展观运用马克思主义世界观和方法论,科学地回答了新世纪新阶段中国面临的“为什么要发展”、“怎样发展”、“为谁发展”、“靠谁发展”的系列重大问题。其突出的本质特征在于:不是否定发展,而是强调必须发展,要坚持以经济建设为中心,大力发展社会生产力;坚持经济社会、城乡、区域协调发展;坚持以人为本,可持续发展。     

青少年自我尊重心理的形成及其制约因素

青少年的自尊对其心理健康发展有着重要影响 ,因而倍受心理学的关注。研究指出 ,青少年自尊的形成受家庭养育方式等早期经验、青春期的成长与身体形象、个人效能感、青少年对自身能力的评价以及社会支持的影响。     

新疆哈萨克族人名的社会特征

人名是社会文化的缩影,命名行为必然要受命名人所处社会文化环境的影响。不同的社会制度、民族信仰、地理环境、道德传统、风俗习惯、文化修养、教育程度等构成了人们的不同审美意识和价值取向,促使人们在给自己的子女命名时选择具有社会特征的名字,使这些名字紧跟社会潮流、反映世代脉搏。该文从社会环境、社会风尚、社会职业和社会教育四个方面探讨了新疆哈萨克族所处社会文化环境对其命名的影响。     

寻找"有意义的另一个人"--论审美活动中的从众心理机制

审美活动是一种社会的行为.审美活动中的社会影响不仅体现在欣赏者审美观念形成的历史过程中,而且也体现在每一个具体的审美进程中.社会促进是影响个体审美进程的一个重要方面,而相比于社会促进,从众行为对审美主体的影响要更广泛而普遍、全面而深刻.导致审美从众的既有外部的原因,也有内部的原因.审美从众的社会心理机制是暗示和感染.