运用信息技术培养学生形象思维能力

从把握时机,掌握力度等方面提出遵循以学生为主体原则,符合学生认知过程的需要,同时保证语文教学按自身学科性质完成教学目标,在有利于学生形象思维发展的前提下,把握运用信息技术的最佳时机达到教学最佳效果.     

抗战时期中国工业的西迁与西部的开发

出于抗战和生存的需要 ,国民政府进行了大规模的工业内迁 ,从而对西南地区的工业化进程起到了重大的推动作用 ,成为中国近现代史上一次规模最大、内容最典型的工业化空间传动运动。这种非经济性动力引发的工业化空间传动也存在一定的弊端。     

朱之锡治河

清初河患异常严重,清承明制设立河道总督。朱之锡是清代第二任河道总督,他在任期间提出了具体的治河措施并加以实施,使河患得以减轻。朱之锡为治河鞠躬尽瘁,病死于任上,因此,深受沿河百姓爱戴,死后被沿河百姓称为河神。     

产业组织的垂直解体与生产者服务业的发展

生产者服务业逐渐从制造业领域分离是当代世界经济发展的重要趋势，是国际分工不断深化的必然结果。在分析了国际分工的演进脉络基础上，本文论述了产业组织的垂直解体对生产者服务业发展的影响，最后提出了加快我国生产者服务业发展的对策。     

白居易"中隐"及其对后世的影响

白居易"中隐"是以庄子的逍遥人生为理念,远离政治斗争的遂性自由的生存哲学和方式,其核心是"适",在适性逍遥的前提下,再安排对社会、家庭、国家、民族的责任.这是一种强调个体生命高于一切的现代人本主义精神,在儒家思想占据统治地位的专制集权社会,这一思想是超前的.而且,其适性逍遥并不是其最终的目标,其最终的目标是以适性逍遥为保证,实现自己的自由自在的艺术创造.故白居易"中隐"对后世苏轼、明代三袁均有很大影响,但毕竟时代不同了,这种影响终于以浪漫精神衰退为特点走向另一种形态.     

中国电子商务的社会环境分析

近十年来,电子商务在全球范围内取得了巨大的发展,逐渐成为一种新型的商务模式,中国的电子商务在经历了一段时间的发展之后,已具备了一定的基础设施环境和技术环境,但在社会环境方面十分薄弱,文章分析了中国在政策和法规、网络消费习惯、信用体系等社会环境方面的现状,指出了目前中国电子商务发展在人才、管理、国民的知识素质、网络消费意识和企业、个人、社会信用等方面的制约因素,最终提出了相应的对策建议。     

R12在水平管内流动沸腾换热实验研究

本文对R12在水平管内流动沸腾换热特性作了实验研究。实验结果表明,管内流动沸腾换热与单相对流换热一样,存在热进口效应,国外早期的实验数据由于未能考虑热进口效应而偏大。实验结果还表明,水平流动沸腾周向不均匀换热主要受流动结构影响;截面平均换热系数则与质量流速、热流密度、质量干度和蒸发压力密切相关。分析实验数据证实,流动沸腾换热是由气泡产生而引起的流动充分发展核态沸腾和双相对流蒸发两部分组成的。本文的实验数据与国外已有的换热关系式能较好吻合。     

Efe fathers: one among many? A comparison of forager children's involvement with fathers and other males

The study reported describes Efe (pygmy) forager one-, two-, and three-year-olds' involvement with males. The Efe of northeastern Zaïre were chosen because their social organization allows us to examine hypotheses based on studies in Western, technologically complex societies about the distinctive role fathers play in the lives of their young children. Behavioral observations of Efe children's day-to-day activities with fathers, men and boys were recorded using a focal subject sampling technique (Altmann, 1974). Two behavioral measures were created to capture the extent to which males were involved with children: Social engagement describes males' involvement with children and social attention describes eavesdropping by children on males' everyday activities. Eight one-year-olds, 7 two-year-olds and 8 three-year-olds were each observed for six, one-hour observation sessions that were distributed evenly over the daylight hours. Data were analyzed using the traditional measure of involvement (e.g., adult males) and using a newly developed measure of the involvement of the average individual (e.g., average adult mate). Comparisons at each of the ages showed that fathers were consistently like other men in the extent to which children participated in social activities with them and watched their activities. Only fathers' level of social engagement declined significantly as children grew older. Boys' role relative to other males became increasingly distinctive as children aged. The findings suggest that Efe fathers may not be unique in the same sense assumed by Western study ideals, and raise questions about the special status given to fathers in Western theory and data. The patterning of mate involvement with children is discussed in terms of Efe community life, and in terms of Efe children's developing understanding of their relationship with fathers and other males.     

社会过程是必然性与偶然性的统一

社会过程是必然性与偶然性的统一。社会历史过程中的偶然性与必然性的相互关系为经济落后国家提供了超越资本主义阶段的可能性,中国建成社会主义有其有利的经济、政治、思想文化和国际条件。     

Children's gender- and age-based categorization in similarity and induction tasks

The present studies examined children's and adults' preferences for gender- or age-based categorization using similarity and inductive inference tasks. Four-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and adults looked at pictures of people and decided which of two was more like a target (similarity condition) or which shared a novel age- or gender-related property with the target (inference condition). Age or gender-based matches were possible. The results are consistent with previous findings that gender-based classification decreases with age. However, they also demonstrate that children use gender more for judging similarity than for making inferences about novel properties. Distinct patterns emerge from the two tasks: 6-year-olds and adults in both conditions categorize more by age than gender; 4-year-olds categorize by gender more than age in the similarity task, but by age more in the induction task. Only adults differentiated by property in the inference condition. These findings suggest that the salience of gender categories cannot entirely be attributed to their inductive potential. Gender has a salience beyond what would be predicted by its power for directing novel generalizations.