How Safe Is Safe Enough for Self‐Driving Vehicles?

Self‐driving vehicles (SDVs) promise to considerably reduce traffic crashes. One pressing concern facing the public, automakers, and governments is “How safe is safe enough for SDVs?” To answer this question, a new expressed‐preference approach was proposed for the first time to determine the socially acceptable risk of SDVs. In our between‐subject survey (N = 499), we determined the respondents’ risk‐acceptance rate of scenarios with varying traffic‐risk frequencies to examine the logarithmic relationships between the traffic‐risk frequency and risk‐acceptance rate. Logarithmic regression models of SDVs were compared to those of human‐driven vehicles (HDVs); the results showed that SDVs were required to be safer than HDVs. Given the same traffic‐risk‐acceptance rates for SDVs and HDVs, their associated acceptable risk frequencies of SDVs and HDVs were predicted and compared. Two risk‐acceptance criteria emerged: the tolerable risk criterion, which indicates that SDVs should be four to five times as safe as HDVs, and the broadly acceptable risk criterion, which suggests that half of the respondents hoped that the traffic risk of SDVs would be two orders of magnitude lower than the current estimated traffic risk. The approach and these results could provide insights for government regulatory authorities for establishing clear safety requirements for SDVs.     

Encountering COUNTER 5

Abstract

To make fiscally and academically responsible selection and deselection of subscribed content, it is critically important to have reasonably accessible usage data for those resources. To this end, the organizers of Project Counting Online Usage of NeTworked Electronic Resources (COUNTER) initiated the development of a standard known as the COUNTER Code of Practice. Beginning with the year 2019, COUNTER 5 standardized usage reports are available for most commercially published electronic information resources such as online journals, aggregated research databases, and ebooks. This column explores some of the differences between the COUNTER 5 Title Master Report-Journal Report (TR-JR1) report and the COUNTER 4 JR1 report for online journal usage and offers some assistance in extracting specific data from the TR-JR1 report that is not as readily visible as it was in COUNTER 4 reports.     

民族传统文化保护纵论

民族传统文化是由各族人民在生产生活中凝结精炼而成的,其中有许多优秀的成分,应该得到有效的保护、传承与发展。广西是多民族共同居住的地区,具有着极其丰厚独特的民族传统文化。在全球一体化的背景下,在现代化的进程中,我们必须要像保护生物多样性一样保护文化的多样性,加强对民族传统文化的保护传承和开发利用。     

"心理契约"在企业管理中的特殊效用

心理契约是个人与企业对彼此的付出与回报的一种心理期望,这种未公开说明的、内隐的约定,在一定程度上决定了员工与企业相互之间的态度和行为。心理契约尽管不是一种有形的契约,但在企业管理中却具有特殊的效用。心理契约的平衡有利于增强企业与员工之间的相互信任、增强企业的凝聚力、促进企业与员工的协同发展。     

英语中冠词的理解与翻译问题

文章从具体的语言运用出发,分析和探讨了英语冠词的理解和翻译问题,提出了冠词的理解和翻译应结合具体的英语语篇、语境、词汇以及习惯用法,并通过翻译实践中的一些实例,总结出冠词的一些译法。     

Weibo use and political participation: the mechanism explaining the positive effect of Weibo use on online political participation among college students in contemporary China

This study examines the various aspects of Weibo use, including the number of people users follow; the number of fans they have; the frequency with which they read friends’, celebrities’, and opinion leaders’ Weibo; and the number of Weibo group memberships on youth online political participation in contemporary China. The study also investigates the underlying mechanisms explaining the positive effects of Weibo use on youth online political participation using survey methods. Chinese users mainly use Weibo to satisfy their needs for information and connectedness. As an alternative source of information, Weibo indeed functions as an ‘online school of political participation’ to foster political interest, a sense of belonging to an online community, and civic virtue among Weibo users. As a new platform for Chinese to form online civic groups, memberships in Weibo groups significantly increases users’ likelihood of being politically mobilized, which is essential for online collective participation. Our study shows that Verba, Schlozman, and Brady’s [(1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press] civic voluntarism model can be extended to the online environment in an authoritarian system.     

流行词语“超”及其动态研究

随着社会经济的快速发展,语言中涌现了大量的流行词语。“超”作为其中的一员,越来越多地运用到人们的语言话语中,显示出强大的语言活力。本文将重点探讨“超”的具体用法、存在动因及发展趋势。     

Socio-material network analysis: A mixed method study of five European artistic collectives

In this paper, I argue that we can better understand the relationship between social structure and materiality by combining qualitative analysis of practices in shared physical space with statistical analysis. Drawing on the two-mode approach, I treat social and material structures together with the relationship between them as a two-level socio-material network. In a mixed method study, formalized ethnographic data on such networks in five European artistic collectives are subjected to multilevel exponential random graph modelling. It sheds light on how different kinds of interpersonal ties condition the engagement of individuals with similar materiality over time.     

Leveraging Vendor Assessments of Usage Data

ABSTRACT

This article summarizes a presentation given at the 2017 North Carolina Serials Conference by Judith Nagata. The speaker discussed how her library used vendor-supplied usage data and graphic representations of that data to make decisions about journals and journal packages.     

Reports of Conferences,Institutes, and Seminars

ABSTRACT

This quarter's column reports on sessions from NASIG 2017: Racing to the Crossroads, held in Indianapolis, IN, June 8 to 11, and ALA Annual 2017: Transforming Our Libraries, Ourselves, which took place in Chicago, IL, June 22–27.