农村教育公平实践的尴尬

城乡教育公平问题不仅是学术界关注的焦点,也成为乡村教育实践的重要内容.目前社会各界以“提高教育质量,促进农村教育公平”为目的,采取了一系列措施来促进乡村教育公平.但是乡村追求教育公平的结果,不仅没有从根本上解决乡村教育公平问题,反而增加了乡村的教育负担,使城乡教育变得更加不公平.文章首先回顾了教育公平理论和既有的经验研究成果,并逐步分析了追求教育公平目标过程中出现的问题,反思学校上移、办学规模、教师素质以及乡村学校功能等问题,最后探讨了经济规律与教育规律、教育供给与教育需求、教育公平与社会公平的关系,旨在启发人们多方位地思考乡村教育问题,重新审视现阶段推动乡村教育公平的措施.     

试述大众传媒与公平正义之关系

经济社会的快速发展和民主法治意识的增强,导致公众对社会公平正义的期待也越来越高,这就要求在加快建设社会主义民主法治国家的同时,正确认识大众传媒与社会公平正义建设之间的关系,并综合运用包括大众传媒手段在内的一切方法措施,推进社会公平正义建设。应该指出的是：需要正确对待、客观评价大众传媒对公平正义的建设作用。     

建设高教强省背景下四川地方高校改革与发展

地方高校作为四川省高等教育的主体,在扩大高等教育规模、提高高等教育质量、优化高等教育结构等方面负有重要使命。当前,四川地方高校应进一步提高人才培养质量、提升科学研究水平、拓展社会服务内涵,并通过树立积极的发展理念、特色的发展模式、构建和谐的发展机制来稳步扩大高等教育规模、加大高等教育投入、合理配置高等教育资源,充分发挥地方高校的社会服务能力。这样,就能进一步提升各地方高校的办学水平和办学实力,从而为建设高等教育强省做出更大贡献。     

中央政府创新“公平与效率”关系的实践考察

考察了60年来中国社会主义建设发展历程中“公平与效率”的关系问题,指出中央政府一直把如何处理好这一焦点问题贯穿于不同时期党的方针、政策之中,且对“公平和效率”的看法也是一个逐步认识和发展的过程,是在曲折中前进的,同时更是一个与时俱进、开拓创新的过程。中央政府对“公平与效率”的关注在各个时期都具有很强的现实性和内在合理性,该合理性的基点在于：科学发展与社会和谐的统一。     

城乡医疗保障制度一体化研究

公平和正义是社会保障制度价值的核心理念,也是衡量一个国家或地区社会保障制度能否充分和真正发挥作用的重要衡量因素。在新医改背景下,"人人公平享有健康保障"成为医疗保障制度建设进程中的一个重要目标,而推动城乡医疗保障制度一体化,进而实现三项医保制度整合衔接是实现这一目标的途径。下一步要重点完善社会医疗保障制度的运行环境;努力保障流动参保人员的就医权益,完善基本医疗保险关系转移接续;整合经办资源,强化管理体制统一化;确定合理的筹资补偿机制,强化财政补贴机制。     

伦理决策语境下的包容性增长研究

伦理决策与包容性增长具有内在的、不可分割的联系,在社会信任发生变化、传统工业文明的文化向现代商业文明的文化变迁、行政体制改革滞后的过程中,伦理决策有弱化的趋势。本文认为,在伦理决策语境下,包容性增长的路径表现为以政府为主导的政治伦理发展路径,以市场为依托的经济伦理发展路径和以社会为背景的生态伦理发展路径。     

论民法诸项基本原则及其关系①

民法的基本原则是民法的本质和特征的集中体现,反映了市民社会和市场经济的根本要求,表达了民法的基本价值取向,是高度抽象的、最一般的民事行为规范和价值判断准则.在我国现行的民事立法上,承认了平等原则、意思自治原则、公平原则、诚实信用原则以及公序良俗原则.其中,平等原则是民法的基础原则,它构成了意思自治原则的逻辑前提.意思自治原则是民法最重要,最有代表性的原则,是民法基本理念的体现.民法最重要的使命,就是确认并保证民事主体自由的实现.公平原则,意在谋求当事人之间的利益平衡.在交易领域内公平原则是对意思自治原则的有益补充.诚实信用原则,将最低限度的道德要求上升为法律要求,以谋求个人利益与社会公共利益的和谐.公序良俗原则,包括公共秩序和善良风俗两项内容,对个人利益与国家利益以及个人利益与社会公共利益之间的矛盾和冲突发挥双重调整功能.诚实信用原则和公序良俗原则是对意思自治原则的必要限制,力图谋求不同民事主体之间自由的和谐共存.     

“Some of My Children Are Worth More Than Others”: Perceptions of Nonresidential Fathers with Second Families as to the Fairness of the Australian Child Support Agency's Handling of First Family Child Support Financial Arrangements

One in three Australian marriages end in divorce, and over half of such divorces involve children. Research indicates that men tend to repartner within 1 to 2 years of a divorce and women within 3 to 5 years. A significant issue for repartnered men is the provision of financial support for children from both their first and second families. Although only 6% of all Australian first family children spend near/equal time (shared care) after divorce with both parents, fathers in Australia are mandated under child support legislation to provide financial support for their first family children, whether they reside with them or not. However, it is argued by this study's nonresidential fathers that the Child Support Agency, when considering the level of financial support for first family children, tends to overlook the needs of second family children, thus creating an advantaged and disadvantaged set of siblings. This finding is reviewed through a distributive justice theory lens. Finally, some future directions for research aimed at exploring the impact of Child Support Legislation on second families are suggested.     

西部新农合筹资公平性分析

新型农村合作医疗制度(以下简称新农合)是由政府组织引导支持,农民自愿参加,个人、集体和政府多方筹资,以大病统筹为主的农民医疗互助共济制度。实现这项制度的可持续发展,既是一项政治任务,同时也是一项经济活动。本文结合我国西部地区近几年新农合的运行情况对筹资的公平性进行分析并提出意见建议,以实现这项制度的可持续发展。     

Trust, confidence, procedural fairness, outcome fairness, moral conviction, and the acceptance of GM field experiments

In 2005, Swiss citizens endorsed a moratorium on gene technology, resulting in the prohibition of the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops and the growth of genetically modified animals until 2013. However, scientific research was not affected by this moratorium, and in 2008, GMO field experiments were conducted that allowed us to examine the factors that influence their acceptance by the public. In this study, trust and confidence items were analyzed using principal component analysis. The analysis revealed the following three factors: "economy/health and environment" (value similarity based trust), "trust and honesty of industry and scientists" (value similarity based trust), and "competence" (confidence). The results of a regression analysis showed that all the three factors significantly influenced the acceptance of GM field experiments. Furthermore, risk communication scholars have suggested that fairness also plays an important role in the acceptance of environmental hazards. We, therefore, included measures for outcome fairness and procedural fairness in our model. However, the impact of fairness may be moderated by moral conviction. That is, fairness may be significant for people for whom GMO is not an important issue, but not for people for whom GMO is an important issue. The regression analysis showed that, in addition to the trust and confidence factors, moral conviction, outcome fairness, and procedural fairness were significant predictors. The results suggest that the influence of procedural fairness is even stronger for persons having high moral convictions compared with persons having low moral convictions.