Context in the Risk Assessment of Digital Systems

As the use of digital computers for instrumentation and control of safety-critical systems has increased, there has been a growing debate over the issue of whether probabilistic risk assessment techniques can be applied to these systems. This debate has centered on the issue of whether software failures can be modeled probabilistically. This paper describes a context-based approach to software risk assessment that explicitly recognizes the fact that the behavior of software is not probabilistic. The source of the perceived uncertainty in its behavior results from both the input to the software as well as the application and environment in which the software is operating. Failures occur as the result of encountering some context for which the software was not properly designed, as opposed to the software simply failing randomly. The paper elaborates on the concept of error-forcing context as it applies to software. It also illustrates a methodology which utilizes event trees, fault trees, and the Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology (DFM) to identify error-forcing contexts for software in the form of fault tree prime implicants.     

Reliability Estimation Based on System Data with an Unknown Load Share Rule

We consider a multicomponent load-sharing system in which the failure rate of a given component depends on the set of working components at any given time. Such systems can arise in software reliability models and in multivariate failure-time models in biostatistics, for example. A load-share rule dictates how stress or load is redistributed to the surviving components after a component fails within the system. In this paper, we assume the load share rule is unknown and derive methods for statistical inference on load-share parameters based on maximum likelihood. Components with (individual) constant failure rates are observed in two environments: (1) the system load is distributed evenly among the working components, and (2) we assume only the load for each working component increases when other components in the system fail. Tests for these special load-share models are investigated.     

计算机软件专业高职教育初探

随着我国软件产业的发展,计算机软件专业的高职教育受到社会的广泛关注和重视．该就计算机软件专业的高职教育能否培养软件专业人才,如何学习和借鉴印度培养“软件蓝领”的经验,高职计算机软件专业的两个专业方向等问题进行了讨论．     

用变长染色体遗传算法演化实验公式

提出用变长染色体遗传算法自动地遗传演化出任何一个实验（包括物理,化学,工程等方面）的近似函数解析式     

The governance of free/open source software projects: monolithic, multidimensional, or configurational?

This paper presents the results of a qualitative review and synthesis of the literature on open source governance, addressing four key questions: (1) How has open source software (OSS) governance been defined? (2) Has the phenomenon of OSS governance been conceptualized as a monolithic or multidimensional phenomenon? (3) What purposes is OSS governance hypothesized to serve? and (4) What are the dimensions of OSS governance, and how are these dimensions related to each other? The results of the review suggest a framework for future comparative and case study research on OSS governance, and they provide a basis for comparison with research on the governance of other distributed, community-based forms of content and creation.     

软件开发管理中的沟通与协调问题研究

软件开发的沟通与协调问题是影响软件生产效率和可用性的重要问题。本研究通过对我国软件组织的调查研究,探讨软件项目团队常用的沟通与协调活动;可能影响团队所采用沟通与协调活动的项目特征;沟通协调活动与项目的输出之间的关系,并对我国中小软件组织沟通与协调活动提出相应的建议。     

高校工资管理存在的问题及对策

高校工资管理是财务管理重要组成部分。随着高校的人事和财务制度的改革,工资管理逐步走向市场化和社会化。就目前高校工资管理中出现的问题及对策作些探讨。     

公共计算机实验室软件系统管理与实践

通过对河北科技师范学院公共计算机实验室课程设置、机房安排、软件划分等内容的合理规划,软件的安装、测试、优化和完善等方面技术手段的应用,硬盘保护卡功能的有效运用以及网络技术的综合使用及多种手段的优化比较,构建了完整的高校公共计算机实验室软件系统管理模式,实现了对高校公共机房实验室设备的充分利用和高效维护,以及对公共机房软件系统的科学管理。     

Rape: is there an app for that? An empirical analysis of the features of anti-rape apps

This study of mobile phone apps designed to prevent sexual violence (n?=?215) is a quantitative analysis of all their features (n?=?807). We analyze the intended users (victims, bystanders, and perpetrators) and rape prevention strategies of each feature, finding that anti-rape app design generally reinforces and reflects pervasive rape myths, by both targeting potential victims and reinforcing stranger-danger. To demonstrate that these limitations are primarily cultural rather than technological, we conclude by imagining apps with similar technical features that resist rather than reinforce rape myths. This study offers an empirical investigation of the relationship between technical design and social norms, and a unique methodology for uncovering the ideologies that underlie design.     

An algorithm for estimating Box–Cox transformation parameter in ANOVA

In this study, we construct a feasible region, in which we maximize the likelihood function, by using Shapiro–Wilk and Bartlett's test statistics to obtain Box–Cox power transformation parameter for solving the issues of non-normality and/or heterogeneity of variances in analysis of variance (ANOVA). Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed approach is more successful in attaining normality and variance stabilization, and is at least as good as the usual maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in estimating the transformation parameter for different conditions. Our proposed method is illustrated on two real-life datasets. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is released under R package AID under the name of “boxcoxfr” for implementation.