发达国家对华输出电子废弃物的环境影响与对策

近年来,发达国家电子废弃物的流入给发展中国家的环境和民众健康带来了严重的危害。我国在阻止电子废弃物流入的相关法律规制与监管上存在漏洞,且经济发展战略不合理,发展水平相对落后。法律和经济方面的双重落差导致发达国家电子废弃物流入屡禁不止,迫切需要采取有效措施加以应对。分析国外电子废弃物涌入我国之现状与原因,并从法律制度建设、经济发展思路、经济发展战略、国内管理和国际合作5方面提出应对策略。     

姚元之诗论

姚元之是清嘉、道时期一位重要的诗人，尝获“锜中风雅眉目”之美誉，今尚有《使沈草》、《廌青集》等诗集传世。姚元之善于以自身经历为基础进行诗歌创作，他的作品也因此具有较高的现实认知价值，这主要从民俗学价值和现实针砭意义两个方面体现出来。姚元之的诗歌创作能将诗情与画意熔铸于一炉，体现出简淡写意的艺术特征。     

School context and American Indian substance use

The present study extends prior research exploring the role of school contextual factors in predicting individual adolescent substance use by examining how a school’s racial composition is associated with American Indian adolescent tobacco and marijuana use. Using a subsample of 523 American Indian students from the restricted use Add Health data, we consider both individual and school contextual factors across 99 schools. Our results suggest that a school’s racial composition is associated with individual tobacco and marijuana use among American Indian youth, but in different ways depending upon the substance. Our findings illustrate the importance of extending research on the correlates of substance use for racial and ethnic minorities beyond studies examining African-Americans and/or Hispanics.     

Classroom sex composition and first-grade school outcomes: The role of classroom behavior

Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (N = 21,409; 10,452 girls and 10,957 boys; mean age = 7.24 years), the association between first-grade classroom sex composition (CSC), measured as the percentage of female students, and end of the year academic (reading, mathematics) and socio-emotional (externalizing problems, internalizing problems, self-control, interpersonal skills) outcomes was examined. Using multilevel modeling techniques and controlling for prior achievement levels, CSC was positively associated with children’s reading achievement at the end of first grade; students performed better in reading in classes with a higher percentage of female students. CSC was also associated with three of the socio-emotional outcomes; controlling for prior levels, students in classrooms with a higher percentage of girls had better self-control and interpersonal skills and fewer internalizing problems. Classroom behavior mediated the effects of CSC on reading achievement and the socio-emotional outcomes. Implications for the composition of first-grade classrooms are discussed.     

族群、族群认同与族群建构论的实践——以两岸客家和当代台湾族群建构为例

本文从族群概念的争鸣入手,以两岸客家和台湾族群的建构为实例,阐释了族群——族群认同——族群建构论这一组密切相关的概念的内涵,在肯定族群建构论合理性的同时,也指出了在台湾族群建构过程中建构论被过分夸大的负面影响。     

元代的回回乐器与乐曲

本文就元代东传的火不思、兴隆笙、七十二弦琵琶等阿拉伯-伊斯兰乐器进行了详细考述,并论述了东来回回艺人在华的活动及回回乐曲的传播与影响。     

Consistent Probabilistic Social Choice

Two fundamental axioms in social choice theory are consistency with respect to a variable electorate and consistency with respect to components of similar alternatives. In the context of traditional non‐probabilistic social choice, these axioms are incompatible with each other. We show that in the context of probabilistic social choice, these axioms uniquely characterize a function proposed by Fishburn (1984). Fishburn's function returns so‐called maximal lotteries, that is, lotteries that correspond to optimal mixed strategies in the symmetric zero‐sum game induced by the pairwise majority margins. Maximal lotteries are guaranteed to exist due to von Neumann's Minimax Theorem, are almost always unique, and can be efficiently computed using linear programming.     

金沙古史探微

在成都摸底河两岸发现的金沙遗址是历史上开明王朝生活于此的文化遗存.开明族富于治水经验,他们进入成都平原后很快就取代了出自西山的古蜀族,建立了金沙古城,因此这里并无望帝于丛帝禅让的情况.而古蜀族地位逐渐下降,其沦为二等公民殆无疑义.金沙古城与十二桥遗址相近,应是同时代的双子城.金沙时代气候温暖潮湿,其自然环境与三星堆时代迥然不同.距今约2300年前,金沙古城毁于洪水,不久强秦入侵,开明族统治结束,亦即古蜀最后覆亡.     

The Effect of Occupational Sex Composition on the Gender Gap in Workplace Authority

This article compares women and men's attainment of workplace authority in female-dominated, mixed, and male-dominated occupations. It is based on a representative mobility study of Jewish women in the Israeli labor force conducted in 1991–1992. Two sets of hypotheses are offered based on two competing theories. The first theory predicts that in female occupations women have more influence and mutual support than in male occupations, and, hence, they will have more access to authority. The opposing perspective argues that in male-dominated occupations the competition between women and men is weaker, and therefore men have a smaller incentive to discriminate against women. Our findings support the second argument. The gender gap in authority is larger in female-dominated occupations, and women have the highest chances to have authority when they work in male occupations; men have similar chances, no matter in which type of occupation they are employed.     

中韩出口产品的竞争程度分析

中国的出口将对周边国家包括韩国带来深远影响。中国和韩国的产品出口是否存在竞争关系,如何衡量中韩产品出口的竞争程度,是我们试图研究的主要问题。我们通过按技术构成对产品进行分类,并借鉴关志雄和Lall等人计算产品附加值的方法,比较分析了中国和韩国自20世纪80年代后期以来出口商品的结构变化。结果表明:中国和韩国的产业竞争程度并非表面显现的那么高,中国和韩国可以在国际分工的不同生产环节实现优势互补。