School context and American Indian substance use

The present study extends prior research exploring the role of school contextual factors in predicting individual adolescent substance use by examining how a school’s racial composition is associated with American Indian adolescent tobacco and marijuana use. Using a subsample of 523 American Indian students from the restricted use Add Health data, we consider both individual and school contextual factors across 99 schools. Our results suggest that a school’s racial composition is associated with individual tobacco and marijuana use among American Indian youth, but in different ways depending upon the substance. Our findings illustrate the importance of extending research on the correlates of substance use for racial and ethnic minorities beyond studies examining African-Americans and/or Hispanics.     

Classroom sex composition and first-grade school outcomes: The role of classroom behavior

Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (N = 21,409; 10,452 girls and 10,957 boys; mean age = 7.24 years), the association between first-grade classroom sex composition (CSC), measured as the percentage of female students, and end of the year academic (reading, mathematics) and socio-emotional (externalizing problems, internalizing problems, self-control, interpersonal skills) outcomes was examined. Using multilevel modeling techniques and controlling for prior achievement levels, CSC was positively associated with children’s reading achievement at the end of first grade; students performed better in reading in classes with a higher percentage of female students. CSC was also associated with three of the socio-emotional outcomes; controlling for prior levels, students in classrooms with a higher percentage of girls had better self-control and interpersonal skills and fewer internalizing problems. Classroom behavior mediated the effects of CSC on reading achievement and the socio-emotional outcomes. Implications for the composition of first-grade classrooms are discussed.     

族群、族群认同与族群建构论的实践——以两岸客家和当代台湾族群建构为例

本文从族群概念的争鸣入手,以两岸客家和台湾族群的建构为实例,阐释了族群——族群认同——族群建构论这一组密切相关的概念的内涵,在肯定族群建构论合理性的同时,也指出了在台湾族群建构过程中建构论被过分夸大的负面影响。     

元代的回回乐器与乐曲

本文就元代东传的火不思、兴隆笙、七十二弦琵琶等阿拉伯-伊斯兰乐器进行了详细考述,并论述了东来回回艺人在华的活动及回回乐曲的传播与影响。     

Consistent Probabilistic Social Choice

Two fundamental axioms in social choice theory are consistency with respect to a variable electorate and consistency with respect to components of similar alternatives. In the context of traditional non‐probabilistic social choice, these axioms are incompatible with each other. We show that in the context of probabilistic social choice, these axioms uniquely characterize a function proposed by Fishburn (1984). Fishburn's function returns so‐called maximal lotteries, that is, lotteries that correspond to optimal mixed strategies in the symmetric zero‐sum game induced by the pairwise majority margins. Maximal lotteries are guaranteed to exist due to von Neumann's Minimax Theorem, are almost always unique, and can be efficiently computed using linear programming.     

金沙古史探微

在成都摸底河两岸发现的金沙遗址是历史上开明王朝生活于此的文化遗存.开明族富于治水经验,他们进入成都平原后很快就取代了出自西山的古蜀族,建立了金沙古城,因此这里并无望帝于丛帝禅让的情况.而古蜀族地位逐渐下降,其沦为二等公民殆无疑义.金沙古城与十二桥遗址相近,应是同时代的双子城.金沙时代气候温暖潮湿,其自然环境与三星堆时代迥然不同.距今约2300年前,金沙古城毁于洪水,不久强秦入侵,开明族统治结束,亦即古蜀最后覆亡.     

中韩出口产品的竞争程度分析

中国的出口将对周边国家包括韩国带来深远影响。中国和韩国的产品出口是否存在竞争关系,如何衡量中韩产品出口的竞争程度,是我们试图研究的主要问题。我们通过按技术构成对产品进行分类,并借鉴关志雄和Lall等人计算产品附加值的方法,比较分析了中国和韩国自20世纪80年代后期以来出口商品的结构变化。结果表明:中国和韩国的产业竞争程度并非表面显现的那么高,中国和韩国可以在国际分工的不同生产环节实现优势互补。     

王志信民族声乐作品对原生态民歌的创新与发展

王志信多年来一直耕耘于民族声乐创作的领域，他的一些以原生态民歌为素材创作的大中型民族声乐作品，受到当今声乐界的广泛关注，除了在音乐会、大型声乐比赛中被作为常用曲目外，还被大量的编入高等艺术院校的声乐教材中，受到人们的喜爱和青睐。原生态民歌的保存与发展问题，是当今音乐界争论的热门话题，从某种意义上说，王志信的民族声乐作品是对中国原生态民歌厦民间音乐的一种保存、创新和发展。     

新型固体超强酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯

研究了以冰醋酸和丙三醇为原料,自制的新型固体超强酸SO4^2-/Sb2O3/SiO2催化剂,考察了三醋酸甘油酯的最佳合成条件.实验确定的适宜工艺条件为：n（酸）：n（醇）=1.0：2.0,催化剂用量为总量的2.0%,反应时间为2 h.酯化率在98%以上,用IR及折光率对产品进行确证.     

云南女性人口发展状况概述

作者从人口学的角度，以人口普查资料为依据，对建国以来云南女性人口的数量与分布、民族构成、素质、经济活动人口和年龄构成作了简要的概述。