Disposable waste,lands and bodies under Canada’s gendered nuclear colonialism

ABSTRACT

Nuclear colonialism, or the exploitation of Indigenous lands and peoples to sustain the nuclear fuel cycle from uranium mining and refining to nuclear energy and weapons production and the dumping of the resulting nuclear waste, occurs in many parts of the world and has generated considerable protest. This article focuses on a contemporary and ongoing case of nuclear colonialism in Canada: attempts to site two national deep geological repositories (DGRs) for nuclear waste on traditional First Nations land in Southwestern Ontario near the world’s largest operational nuclear power plant. Through histories of the rise of nuclear power and nuclear waste policy-making and their relationship to settler colonialism in Canada, as well as actions taken by the Saugeen Ojibway Nation (SON) and white settler anti-nuclear waste movements, the article explores how gender is at work in nuclear colonialism and anti-nuclear waste struggles. Gender is explored here in terms of the patriarchal nuclear imperative, the appropriation of Aboriginal land through undermining Aboriginal women’s status and the problematic relationship between First Nations and white settler women-led movements in resistance to nuclear waste burial from a feminist decolonial perspective     

“Filthy rich” and “dirt poor:” social and cultural dimensions of solid waste management (SWM) in Lagos

Abstract

This paper analyses how household solid waste was perceived and handled in traditional Yoruba and contemporary Lagos society in South West Nigeria. It highlights the roles of individuals, households, changing lifestyles and diet, business cycles, residential segregation, and state and non-state actors and institutions in waste management in Lagos. The filthy rich/dirt poor divide in Lagos is epitomised by spatial segregation and social stratification, reflected by contrasting highbrow neighbourhoods and massive dumpsites in the metropolis. Central to this discussion are changing economic dynamics. The boom years were characterised by conspicuous consumption, waste and replacement while economic adversity precipitated destitution, re-use and recycling of waste, and recourse to imported second-hand clothing and household utensils. The paper recommends a multi-pronged sustainable waste management strategy for Lagos.     

新型固体超强酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯

研究了以冰醋酸和丙三醇为原料,自制的新型固体超强酸SO4^2-/Sb2O3/SiO2催化剂,考察了三醋酸甘油酯的最佳合成条件.实验确定的适宜工艺条件为：n（酸）：n（醇）=1.0：2.0,催化剂用量为总量的2.0%,反应时间为2 h.酯化率在98%以上,用IR及折光率对产品进行确证.     

S2O82-/ZrO2-Ce2 O3固体超强酸的制备及催化合成环缩酮的研究

分别以H2SO4和(NH4)2S2O8为浸渍溶液,采用共沉淀法合成了固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2、SO42-/ZrO2及SO42-/ZrO2-Ce2O3。用红外光谱和Hamm ett指示剂表征了合成的固体超强酸,并用环己酮和乙二醇的缩合反应为探针反应,研究了它们的催化活性。实验表明:(1)SO42-/ZrO2-Ce2O3在缩合反应中的催化活性比SO42-/ZrO2和SO42-/ZrO2要强;(2)引入适当数量的Ce2O3使得固体超强酸的酸强度增大;(3)当固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-Ce2O3的制备条件为焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间4h、Ce2O3质量与ZrO2质量比2%时,酸对缩合反应的催化活性最高。     

基于Solid works蜗轮蜗杆三维建模的研究

在Solid works环境下进行了蜗轮蜗杆三维设计研究,这对类似复杂曲面的零件设计具有实际意义。     

建筑垃圾制作土聚水泥的试验研究

本文通过正交试验设计探索利用建筑垃圾中的粘土砖和碎玻璃作为原料制作土聚水泥，初步得到成本低廉的32．5级土聚水泥配方，为建筑垃圾资源化利用开辟了新途径。此技术可降低环境污染，节约能源。     

广州番禺垃圾焚烧发电厂冲突事件分析

发生在2009年的广州番禺垃圾焚烧发电厂公共决策事件,就系统工程冲突分析的视角而言,存在着八种可行结局,局中人广州番禺区政府和当地居民有着不同的偏好向量。从冲突中的稳定性分析可以得出两个整体稳定性结局,一个合作解和一个非合作解,而合作解的实现需要政府认真切实地对待才能实现。     

固气相变蒸发热的计算

用固体的Einstein模型与Debye模型分别导出相应模型的固气相变的蒸发热和蒸发压公式，并对其做数值计算。结果表明，蒸发热与温度之间近似呈线性关系,之与工程上经验近似是一致的。     

试析发达国家的产业废弃物税收制度

近年来,日本等众多发达国家为了鼓励企业参与资源的循环利用,减少生产活动对环境带来的负面影响,普遍开征了产业废弃物税。本文结合日本的具体经验评析了各种类型的产业废弃物税对产业废弃物排放抑制效果的优劣,以期为构筑符合我国的相关税收制度的选择提供指导。     

Health Risk Assessment of a Modern Municipal Waste Incinerator

During the modernization of the municipal waste incinerator (MWI, maximum capacity of 180,000 tons per year) of Metropolitan Grenoble (405,000 inhabitants), in France, a risk assessment was conducted, based on four tracer pollutants: two volatile organic compounds (benzene and 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane) and two heavy metals (nickel and cadmium, measured in particles). A Gaussian plume dispersion model, applied to maximum emissions measured at the MWI stacks, was used to estimate the distribution of these pollutants in the atmosphere throughout the metropolitan area. A random sample telephone survey (570 subjects) gathered data on time-activity patterns, according to demographic characteristics of the population. Life-long exposure was assessed as a time-weighted average of ambient air concentrations. Inhalation alone was considered because, in the Grenoble urban setting, other routes of exposure are not likely. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to describe probability distributions of exposures and risks. The median of the life-long personal exposures distribution to MWI benzene was 3.2·10^–5 g/m³ (20th and 80th percentiles = 1.5·10^–5 and 6.5·10^–5 g/m³), yielding a 2.6·10^–10 carcinogenic risk (1.2·10^–10–5.4·10^–10). For nickel, the corresponding life-time exposure and cancer risk were 1.8·10^–4 g/m³ (0.9.10^–4 – 3.6·10^–4 g/m³) and 8.6·10^–8 (4.3·10^–8–17.3·10^–8); for cadmium they were respectively 8.3·10^–6 g/m³ (4.0·10^–6–17.6·10^–6) and 1.5·10^–8 (7.2·10^–9–3.1·10^–8). Inhalation exposure to cadmium emitted by the MWI represented less than 1% of the WHO Air Quality Guideline (5 ng/m³), while there was a margin of exposure of more than 10⁹ between the NOAEL (150 ppm) and exposure estimates to trichloroethane. Neither dioxins nor mercury, a volatile metal, were measured. This could lessen the attributable life-long risks estimated. The minute (VOCs and cadmium) to moderate (nickel) exposure and risk estimates are in accord with other studies on modern MWIs meeting recent emission regulations, however.