女性的话语权威——从夏洛蒂·勃朗特和托尼·莫里森作品的“叙述声音”说开去

本文以夏洛蒂.勃朗特和托尼.莫里森的女性叙事文本为考察研究的对象,借鉴叙事学和女性主义的相关理论,以叙述声音为切入点,通过对作品的分析、解读,探讨了在十九世纪男性权利话语占统治地位的社会背景之下,女性作家争取女性话语权,建构文本中女性话语权威的艰难历程,她们的努力最终使女性赢得了在历史中言说的权利。     

Older People's “Voices”—On Paper: Obstacles to Influence in Welfare States—A Case Study of Sweden

The official rhetoric of welfare states unconditionally pays tribute to older people's right to express dissatisfaction. In practice, users of older services in welfare states may be deprived of their “exit” options and face considerable constraints when it comes to raising their “voices.” For example, when older people in nursing homes would like to lodge a complaint, they may well be referred to the very staff members they depend on in their everyday lives. This article analyzes a national case study in which these contradictory tendencies are especially explicit: formal influence channels for older people in Sweden. Using data from structured interviews with 100 representatives of Swedish municipalities and drawing on Hirschman's (1970) Hirschman, A. 1970. Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organisations, and states, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.  [Google Scholar] theory on exit and voice, the article analyzes obstacles to older service users' influence in Sweden and develops explanations for these obstacles in terms of social contexts.     

The rejected voice: towards intersubjectivity in speech language pathology

Speech language pathology needs to be linked with philosophy. Those with communication impairments encounter many problems when engaging in conversation with others. Does only the speaker(s) bear the responsibility to make their speech intelligible? In order to answer this question, I suggest that a Wittgensteinian approach offers original insights into speech as an intersubjective phenomenon. By exploring my experiences of having speech difficulties due to cerebral palsy, I shall argue that the unintelligibility of my voice is not simply my failure to achieve the able-spoken standard(s) of speech, but also the failure of others to recognise my utterance as speech. I hope to offer a different account of the voice that defines the human voice as intelligible speech – one that provides a more appropriate philosophical diversity for understanding the ethics of articulation.     

《魔幻玩具铺》的女性主义叙事学分析

文章以女性主义叙事学理论为依据,对《魔幻玩具铺》的叙述声音和叙述视角进行分析,具体剖析安吉拉.卡特在该小说中对叙事元素的独到应用,以此阐释其是如何颠覆男性话语,建构女性叙事权威,以折射其性别政治的。并试图挖掘卡特强烈的女性主义意识。     

Report of the first Asian ISSAM Meeting on the Aging Male

The longer life spans of females compared to males has been attributed to the effects of sex hormones. Since experimental tests of this possibility in humans are unethical, indirect studies have been relied on for evidence. The present study offers such indirect evidence by comparing life spans of female and male opera singers, since sex hormones are known to influence development of voice. Life spans of sopranos were found to be significantly greater than those of lower voice registered contraltos, even after controlling for birth year. Differences among male opera singers were not statistically significant. The data support the hypothesis that females live longer than males because of the beneficial effects of estrogens on longevity-related genes.     

LOUD silence: Turning Up the Volume on Deaf Voice

Abstract

From 2014 to 2015, I curated an exhibition entitled LOUD silence, which was held in two different venues in California: Grand Central Arts Center at California State University Fullerton, followed by gallery@Calit2 at the University of California, San Diego. The exhibition offered the opportunity for viewers to consider definitions of sound, voice, and notions of silence at the intersection of both deaf and hearing experiences. The exhibition displayed prints, drawings, sculptures, videos, and several film installations, and featured work by four artists who have different relationships to deafness and hearing, including Shary Boyle, Christine Sun Kim, Darrin Martin and Alison O’Daniel. These four artists explored how the binary of loudness and silence might be transformed in politicized ways through their own specificities, similarities and differences in relationship to communication and language. The stereotypical view of the deaf experience is that they live a life of total silence, where they retain little to no concept of sound. But on the contrary, deaf studies scholars Carol Padden and Tom Humphries state that deaf people actually know a lot about sound, and sound informs and inhabits their world just as much as the next person (Padden and Humphries 1998: 91).Through these artworks, the artists aimed to loudly explode the myth of a silent deaf world, and they troubled just how “inaudible” sound really is through their own visceral experiences of it. Ultimately, I argue that the work in LOUD silence offers an avenue for eradicating deaf oppression.     

英语学术语篇的对话性分析

对话性是话语或语篇中存在两个以上相互作用的声音．它们形成同意和反对、肯定和补充、提问和回答等关系。学术语篇中不仅包含了作者,而且体现了作者之外其他人的声音。英语学术语篇的对话性可以通过间接转述、直接引用、评注词语、名物化、修辞和其它语法手段表达出来。以对话性作为一种阅读指导思想,语篇将得到更加全面而透彻的理解。     

从话语分析的视角看我国高教宏观管理改革的过程与特点

从20世纪80年代的“统一领导、分级管理”到90年代的“变条块分割为奈块有机结合”,再到本世纪初的“依法治教、依法治校”,显示出高等教育宏观管理强势话语的流变过程。其较为突出的特点是政府在逐步转变传统单一的管理方式,实现管理手段的多样化;从20世纪80年代的“一包二统”到90年代的“条块分割的弊端明显”,再到本世纪初的“中介组织发展不完善”,可以看出高等教育宏观管理问题话语的流变过程与特点;从20世纪80年代的“扩大高校自主权”到90年代的“八字方针”,再到本世纪初的“发展中介组织、加强教育评估”,可以揭示高等教育宏观管理对策话语的流变过程与特点。     

Concepts of choice and motivation in the discourse on the globalization of higher education

This paper reviews the findings of a participatory research project conducted with Nepali high school and university students. It examines the feelings and motivations of those students who leave the country in pursuit of higher education, and those who intentionally, or due to circumstances, stay in Nepal. An analysis of the latter is particularly important to the shifting discourse on higher education to the global South. This study promotes the inclusion of those students, and institutions, of higher education in developing nations who have been excluded from the discourse on globalization.     

Voice,place and genre in popular song performance1

Earlier sociolinguistic studies have conceptualised popular song as a field of phonological variation where singers do or do not maintain features of their national or regional accents in singing. The present paper explores a wider agenda for the sociolinguistics of popular song, theorised as a diverse field of performance organised according to genre. Following initiatives in the sociology of popular music (particularly Simon Frith's research), voice is interpreted as the repertoire of meaning‐making options available to performers. Voice subsumes dialect indexicality, but also the management of singer identity and singer‐audience relations through the performance of lyrics, rhythmic and bodily modalities. Place is understood as the specific socio‐cultural contexts that are explicitly or implicitly voiced, including contexts of performance and reception. By performing within or against generically structured stylistic norms, performers construct and disseminate different vernacular values and identities. Live tracks from three different, broadly‐defined genres are considered in detail – classic rock and roll (Chuck Berry's Maybellene), folk/country (James Taylor's Copperline), and punk rock (the Sex Pistols’Johnny B. Goode).