Gender differences in risk behavior and the link to household effects and individual wealth

This study examined the differences in risk behavior between men and women using a household survey that captured the risk preferences of two members in a household and recorded wealth at the individual level instead of the usual approach of representing wealth at the household level. After controlling for commonly used explanatory variables, such as gender, education, age, and wealth, household fixed effects explain about 15% of the variation in risk behavior. This highlights the magnitude of household effects in shaping one’s risk behavior. In general, females in the study area are more risk averse than males based on a risk game with real payout. The gender differences disappear when focusing on only the top land owners. However, even in those cases, females consider themselves more risk averse, supporting results from previous studies that link culture and societal norms to the gender differences in risk behavior.     

浅论图腾崇拜的特点及影响——兼论图腾崇拜向祖先崇拜的演变

图腾崇拜是人类历史上极为古老而奇特的文化现象之一。它是在原始社会母系氏族时期与氏族制度一起形成的,图腾是不同婚姻集团和氏族的标志。与其它原始宗教形式相比具有自己的特点,对原始社会的发展产生了重大的影响。最终随着生产力的发展、科学知识的普及以及人类的认识水平的提高,图腾崇拜逐渐走向消亡,并最终为祖先崇拜所取代。     

媒介事件对电视广告创意的影响

从对媒介事件的重新界说以及媒介事件对受众心理状态的影响入手,通过对近期国内一些电视广告片的创意特点的分析,指出在媒介事件的影响下,电视广告的创意正呈现出一些趋向,如诉求路线的情感化、表现内容的公益化、运作方式的潜隐化等等。对于这些趋向的认识,有助于企业改变以往程式化的广告操作手段,获得更加积极有效的广告产出;有利于拓展电视广告创意者的思维空间,使电视广告创作更上一个台阶。     

Noninformative priors for the between-group variance in the unbalanced one-way random effects model with heterogeneous error variances

For the unbalanced one-way random effects model with heterogeneous error variances, we propose the non-informative priors for the between-group variance and develop the first- and second-order matching priors. It turns out that the second-order matching priors do not exist and the reference prior and Jeffreys prior do not satisfy a first-order matching criterion. We also show that the first-order matching prior meets the frequentist target coverage probabilities much better than the Jeffreys prior and reference prior through simulation study, and the Bayesian credible intervals based on the matching prior and reference prior give shorter intervals than the existing confidence intervals by examples.     

Estimation of geodesic tortuosity and constrictivity in stationary random closed sets

We investigate the problem of estimating geodesic tortuosity and constrictivity as two structural characteristics of stationary random closed sets. They are of central importance for the analysis of effective transport properties in porous or composite materials. Loosely speaking, geodesic tortuosity measures the windedness of paths, whereas the notion of constrictivity captures the appearance of bottlenecks resulting from narrow passages within a given materials phase. We first provide mathematically precise definitions of these quantities and introduce appropriate estimators. Then, we show strong consistency of these estimators for unboundedly growing sampling windows. In order to apply our estimators to real data sets, the extent of edge effects needs to be controlled. This is illustrated using a model for a multiphase material that is incorporated in solid oxide fuel cells.     

Linear scalar-on-surface random effects regression models

Many research fields increasingly involve analyzing data of a complex structure. Models investigating the dependence of a response on a predictor have moved beyond the ordinary scalar-on-vector regression. We propose a regression model for a scalar response and a surface (or a bivariate function) predictor. The predictor has a random component and the regression model falls in the framework of linear random effects models. We estimate the model parameters via maximizing the log-likelihood with the ECME (Expectation/Conditional Maximization Either) algorithm. We use the approach to analyze a data set where the response is the neuroticism score and the predictor is the resting-state brain function image. In the simulations we tried, the approach has better performance than two other approaches, a functional principal component regression approach and a smooth scalar-on-image regression approach.     

中国教育资源市场化与个体选择：初中课外补习效应异质性探究

本文在中国教育资源市场化的背景下,探究了初中课外补习对学业成绩的效应异质性及其对教育公平的启示。通过分析“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）的数据发现,从同质性效应来看,参加课外补习对于提升初中生学习成绩没有显著影响,但参与课外补习的倾向性影响其效应异质性。课外补习有助于提高倾向性处于中间水平学生的学习成绩,表明课外补习受益学生大多来自学习成绩中等的普通工薪家庭。对于倾向性较低的大多数相对弱势的家庭和倾向性较高的少数优势家庭而言,课外补习对学业成绩的作用微乎其微。研究表明,中国教育领域的市场化变革和相关政策的制定需要考虑个体教育选择的复杂性及其对教育公平所造成的深刻影响。     

心理资本:组织竞争优势之源

从心理资本的概念与构成维度、心理资本的测量与干预、心理资本的影响效应研究三个方面对心理资本做了阐述。在对国内外现有文献进行回顾和评述的基础上,指出现有研究的不足,提出了对未来的展望。     

播音实验室声学要求及处理

播音实验室声学要求及处理主要从隔音处理、混响时间方面考虑，结合湛江师范学院播音实验室的建设从声学设计要求方面作了简单介绍。