Drivers of job satisfaction in midwifery—A work design approach

BackgroundIdentifying common factors that influence job satisfaction for midwives working in diverse work settings is challenging. Applying a work design model developed in organisational behaviour to the midwifery context may help identify key antecedents of midwives job satisfaction.AimTo investigate three job characteristics – decision-making autonomy, empowerment, and professional recognition as antecedents of job satisfaction in New Zealand (NZ) midwives.MethodsLatent multiple regressions were performed on data from Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) midwives n = 327, employed midwives n = 255, and midwives working in ‘mixed-roles’ n = 123.FindingsWe found that professional recognition is positively linked to job satisfaction for midwives in all three work settings. At the same time, decision-making autonomy and empowerment were shown to influence job satisfaction for midwives working as LMCs only.DiscussionOur main finding suggests that the esteem generated from being acknowledged as an expert and valuable contributor by maternity health colleagues is satisfying across all work contexts. Professional recognition encompasses the social dimension of midwifery work and influences midwives job satisfaction. Decision-making autonomy and empowerment are task and relational job characteristics that may not be similarly experienced by all midwives to noticeably influence job satisfaction.ConclusionGiven that job satisfaction contributes to recruitment, retention, and sustainability, our findings show that drivers of job satisfaction differ by midwifery work context. We present evidence to support tailored efforts to bolster midwives job satisfaction, especially where resources are limited.     

关于纳西族东巴文字信息处理的设想

关于纳西东巴文字信息处理的设想建立在东巴文字电脑检索系统开发的基础之上。东巴文字的信息处理将在建立相关的资料档案库和研究资料目录的同时,通过电脑设立以下检索内容:一、东巴文字的形、音、义检索。包括单个东巴文字字形及其出现地域的描写;东巴文字各个单字语音的准确描写;东巴文字字形表义情况特别是假借、义借和异体等的描写。二、东巴文字字素描写。字素描写可以达到对东巴文字字素分类别分层次的统计;并对东巴文字字素取象发生系统进行描写;还可包括与之相关古文字字素的对照描写。此外还将适当补充东巴文字所处文辞的描写以及纳西族的哥巴文和玛丽玛萨文情况的描写等。检索内容的建立,有望为东巴文字的研究创立新的门径。     

浅谈唐诗中的颜色词“青”

唐诗中颜色词"青"有三个义项"黑""绿""蓝"。客观事物自身的模糊性造成了人们认知的模糊。在人们思维清晰化的过程中,"青"的"黑"义项逐渐弱化甚至可能消失,"青"主要用在褒义和典雅的语境里,"黑"出现在贬义和普通的语境里。"青"与"绿"都很活跃,出现了大量混用现象,包括实指与虚指。但在部分习惯用语里仍不能互换。而"蓝"作颜色词出现最晚、频率最低,意义比较实在。虚实的意义仍主要由"青"承担。     

台语送气塞音和舌面鼻音擦音化规律研究

台语中的送气塞音p′、k′、t′在发展过程中往往演变为同部位或近部位的的擦音。与亲属语言比较发现 ,送气成分是致使其擦音化的主要因素。 是台语典型的舌面鼻音 ,与j有历史源流关系。 是源 ,j是流。 在发展过程中趋于擦音化是台语的一个普遍规律     

神经网络在高速超精轴系故障诊断中的应用

讨论了ＢＰ神经网络神经元开关函数饱和参数的选择问题,建立了ＢＰ神经网络的容错能力、全局性能与收敛速率之间的关系,并提出了一个如何应用这些关系来合理选择神经元开关函数饱和参数的方法模拟试验研究和分析结果表明,本文提出的合理选择神经元开关函数的方法可以有效地帮助ＢＰ神经网络技术解决诊断中复杂的模式分类问题。     

Sound Studies Meets Deaf Studies

ABSTRACT

Sound studies and Deaf studies may seem at first impression to operate in worlds apart. We argue in this article, however, that similar renderings of hearing, deafness, and seeing as ideal types—and as often essentialized sensory modes—make it possible to read differences between Sound studies and Deaf studies as sites of possible articulation. We direct attention to four zones of productive overlap, attending to how sound is inferred in deaf and Deaf practice, how reimagining sound in the register of low-frequency vibration can upend deafhearing dichotomies, how “deaf futurists” champion cyborg sound, and how signing and other non-spoken communicative practices might undo phonocentric models of speech. Sound studies and Deaf studies emerge as fields with much to offer one another epistemologically, theoretically, and practically.     

How Mood and Task Complexity Affect Children's Recognition of Others' Emotions

Previous studies examined how mood affects children's accuracy in matching emotional expressions and labels (label‐based tasks). This study was the first to assess how induced mood (positive, neutral, or negative) influenced five‐ to eight‐year‐olds' accuracy and reaction time using both context‐based tasks, which required inferring a character's emotion from a vignette, and label‐based tasks. Both tasks required choosing one of four facial expressions to respond. Children responded more accurately to label‐based questions relative to context‐based questions at the age of five to seven, but showed no differences at the age of eight, and when the emotional expression being identified was happiness, sadness, or surprise, but not disgust. For the context‐based questions, children were more accurate at inferring sad and disgusted emotions compared with happy and surprised emotions. Induced positive mood facilitated five‐year‐olds' processing (decreased reaction time) in both tasks compared with induced negative and neutral moods. Results demonstrate how task type and children's mood influence children's emotion processing at different ages.     

Framing Atmospheres: Goffman,Space, and Music in Everyday Life

In this article, we synthesize Goffman's microsociology with recent developments in fields such as aesthetics, geography, and urban studies labeled “atmosphere theory.” Our central rationale is if microsociology is to deepen its account of embodiment and the noncognitive it needs a theory of spatialized moods. In the second half, we develop our synthesis with respect to musical atmospheres and conclude by drawing on our own research regarding how social actors use music to shape “involvements” and “disinvolvements” in the spatial ambiances of public transportation, the street, the workplace, and the home.     

Does surprise enhance infant memory? Assessing the impact of the encoding context on subsequent object recognition

A discrepancy between what was predicted and what is observed has been linked to increased looking times, changes in brain electrical activity, and increased pupil dilation in infants. These processes associated with heightened attention and readiness to learn might enhance the encoding and memory consolidation of the surprising object, as suggested by both the infant and the adult literature. We therefore investigated whether the presence of surprise during the encoding context enhances subsequent encoding and recognition memory processes for the items that violated infants' expectations. Seventeen-month-olds viewed 20 familiar objects, half of which were labeled correctly, while the other half were mislabeled. Subsequently, infants were presented with a silent recognition memory test where the previously labeled objects appeared along with new images. Pupil dilation was measured, with more dilated pupils indicating (1) surprise during those labeling events where the item was mislabeled and (2) successful retrieval processes during the memory test. Infants responded with more pupil dilation to mislabeling compared to correct labeling. Importantly, despite the presence of a surprise response during mislabeling, infants only differentiated between the previously seen and unseen items at the memory test, offering no evidence that surprise had facilitated the encoding of the mislabeled items.     

Gendering Global Governance

In this article I map out the major debates on global governance and the feminist critiques of the mainstream interventions in these debates. I argue that the shift from government to governance is a response to the needs of a gendered global capitalist economy and is shaped by struggles, both discursive and material, against the unfolding consequences of globalization. I suggest feminist interrogations of the concept, processes, practices and mechanisms of governance and the insights that develop from them should be centrally incorporated into critical revisionist and radical discourses of and against the concept of global governance. However, I also examine the challenges that the concept of global governance poses for feminist political practice, which are both of scholarship and of activism as feminists struggle to address the possibilities and politics of alternatives to the current regimes of governance. I conclude by suggesting that feminist political practice needs to focus on the politics of redistribution in the context of global governance.