作为空间理论家的葛兰西

对分析性的范畴加以空间化和历史化,是安东尼奥.葛兰西实践哲学的基本特征。这些理论运作深深地交织在他的“绝对历史主义”之中。对葛兰西哲学中空间性的强调,不仅有助于我们发现其著作中的诸多地理学主题,而且有助于纠正过分强调其历史主义维度的偏颇。葛兰西对空间隐喻的使用和他对南方问题的讨论,表明应当从空间—时间的视角去阐释他的许多关键性概念,而不仅仅是从社会的、物质的视角去阐释。葛兰西的空间、场所和等级等概念与他对语言、天主教会的意义、知识分子的作用、世界主义、阶级和阶级斗争、美国主义和福特主义、意大利国家的性质、国家权力的社会基础、雅各宾派、消极革命和领导权等问题的分析密切相关。葛兰西对空间、场所和等级的兴趣不仅仅是学术的,也跟他对革命形势的分析不无瓜葛。     

西方国家起源理论研究述评

国家起源问题一直备受学者关注,特别是20世纪以来,西方学者注重从人类学、考古学、历史学、社会学等各方面入手研究国家起源。从人类学的视角来说,塞维斯和弗里德提出了著名的酋邦理论和分层学说。与此同时,各种具体理论也不断出现,如城市革命、灌溉、贸易和战争。由于单一的因素不能解释国家的产生,因此综合理论应运而生。生态学理论注重利用气象数据并与合理的推测相结合,社会理论则以更具体的权力、意识、个人、性别和团体进行研究,而这些都推动着国家起源理论的发展。     

论特殊防卫的性质

当前,社会各界对正当防卫和防卫限度问题正在开展新一轮反思。针对刑法第20条第3款规定的防卫行为,学界的称谓千差万别,主要有无限防卫(权)、特殊防卫(权)、无过当之防卫、预防性正当防卫等。从语言逻辑关系和刑法条文规范表达的角度看,"特殊防卫"的称谓更符合第3款关于防卫限度的特殊规定。第3款内容在实质侧面受正当防卫认识、防卫限度要件的约制,在形式侧面符合规范用语的体系表达,不是第1、2款内容的拟制性规定,而是提示性规定。防卫的权利性质受权威主义和自由主义的国家范式的影响。在我国弱的权威主义和法律家长主义的影响下,特殊防卫带有明显的义务性质,是权利与义务的统一。     

我国行政事业单位国有资产管理探析

行政事业单位资产是我国国有资产的重要组成部分,在履行政府职能、加强公共管理、实施宏观调控、推动经济建设等方面发挥着重要作用。随着经济体制改革的深化,行政事业单位国有资产管理体制改革成为不可回避的一个紧迫问题。这涉及到行政事业单位国有资产的监管问题、如何发挥行政事业单位国有资产的社会效益问题、怎样防止国有资产的流失问题等。     

高职机电专业英语教学初探

本文针对高等职业学校机电专业英语教学的现状和教学中存在的问题,提出个人的愚见与各位专家探讨。     

中国经济发展中的深层次问题

中国经济正面临何去何从的方向性问题:是进一步深化改革,抓大放小,无为而治,让市场发挥越来越多的作用;还是国进民退,让政府主导经济,发挥更多的作用?答案无疑是前者。基于以上判断,中国经济的长期深层次根本问题在于:深层次制度障碍未破除,深层次市场化改革滞后,政府、社会与市场的治理边界界定不清晰、不合理。这就导致了三重三轻的不科学发展观:重政府轻市场、重国富轻民富、重发展轻服务。要解决这些深层次问题,下一步改革的关键在于深入推进政府职能的两个根本性转变:第一,从发展型政府向服务型政府转变;第二,从全能型政府向有限型政府转变。     

从“包头空难”看国际航空私法中的“深口袋被告”

文章以“包头空难”为切入点,重点阐述了主要航空大国特别是美国“深口袋被告”的理论与实践,并从理论与现实基础两个角度论证了中国采用“深口袋被告”的现实可行性。     

German family policy at the crossroads: analysing the impact of parental leave reform through simulation

Comparative studies of welfare reforms encounter two problems. First, the counterfactual problem is that in the real world schemes and their reforms do not coexist simultaneously and are hard to compare. Second, the contextual problem derives from the absence of comparable measures for change. Microsimulation helps to overcome these problems. It compares policy options – actual reforms or reform plans – simultaneously and provides a comparable measure: the disposable income of model families. This article uses a type–case approach to investigate recent reforms of the German parental leave benefit. Simulation makes those reforms comparable over time and across countries. Results show that the profile of the German scheme is changing from 'general family' towards 'dual-earner' support. Furthermore, the recent reforms make the German scheme converge towards the Swedish leave scheme. The recent reforms introduce a new concept of fairness and a focus on gender equality to German family policies.     

Suspicious minds: local context and attitude variation across Swedish municipalities

Johansson Sevä I. Suspicious minds: local context and attitude variation across Swedish municipalities
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 225–235 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article investigates whether degree of suspicion of welfare abuse relates to local context in Sweden. It is suggested that certain features of Swedish municipalities can create a local information bias influencing individual suspicion of welfare abuse. Prevalence of social problems and political climate are features of the municipal context having the potential to influence opinion formation. Social problems are captured by local unemployment, social assistance and ill‐health rates. Political climate is captured by electoral support for conservatives. The results indicate that local context can influence suspicion of welfare abuse, contexts where social problems are widespread reduce such suspicion. While local political climate seems important in itself, it also interacts with social problem level, increasing suspicion if a conservative political climate and social problems coexist. While social problems seem to generate less suspicion regarding social policy abuse, they also provide ‘raw material’ for political rhetoric regarding suspicion.     

The ratification of ILO Conventions and the provision of unemployment benefits: An empirical analysis

This article tests the relationship between the ratification of International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions and the provision of unemployment benefits. Statistical tests focus on two related issues: why countries ratify ILO Conventions on unemployment benefits, and whether ratification influences government spending on unemployment benefits. The main findings are that democracy, region, income, and globalization are the main factors influencing why countries ratify ILO Conventions on unemployment benefits. In turn, the ratification of ILO Conventions is systematically associated with higher spending if countries have ratified more than two Conventions.