诗歌:修辞与想象例话

诗歌是想象的艺术,没有想象就没有诗歌;而概括性、抒情性极强的诗歌又最需要依赖修辞来进行表现。因此,寻找修辞与想象之间的互补点就显得尤为重要。     

对中国英语教材中"建议"对话的研究

探讨了中国英语教材中＂建议＂对话是否符合英语本族语者的会话习惯。研究发现,教材对话中＂建议＂的三种答复类型的比例和英语本族语者存在显著差异;教材对话中＂延缓答复＂方式和本族语者不同;教材对话没能像本族语者那样采取＂相互肯定＂和＂转换话题＂等方式退出建议;教材中几乎没有任何（元）语用信息。在对这些现象产生的原因进行了分析的基础上,提出一些有针对性的教材改进方案。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Charles Antaki and Sue Widdicombe (eds.)., Identities in Talk Tove Skutnab‐Kangas, Linguistic Genocide in Education–or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights? Marnie Holborow, The Politics of English: A Marxist View of Language Clare Mar‐Molinero, The Spanish Speaking World: A Practical Introduction to Sociolinguistic Issues Gail E. Hawisher and Cynthia L. Selfe (eds.), Global Literacies and the World‐Wide‐Web Justine Coupland (ed.), Small Talk Francesca Bargiela‐Chiappini and Catherine Nickerson (eds.)., Writing Business: Genres, Media and Discourses Geoffrey Lewis, The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success Kenneth J. Gergen, An Invitation to Social Construction James Milroy and Lesley Milroy, Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English Linda Thomas and Sha¨n Wareing, Language, Society and Power: An Introduction     

Pragmatics of Self- and Other-Reference in Young Children

During the first years of life, children come to understand and talk about a self separate from others. This study examined self- and other-reference and communicative intents expressed by children and parents in dyadic interaction at 14, 20 and 32 months. Research questions included whether children's early use of self- and other-reference pronouns occurred for expression of particular communicative intents, how use changed with age, and whether parent and child pragmatic expressions of self and other were similar. Results showed that children's early explicit reference to self tended to take the form of I rather than me/my/mine, and was used primarily in making statements about their intended actions, in making requests or proposals to their parents and in stating propositions about the world around them. Children during this developmental period were only beginning to refer to the present other with the pronoun you and these instances occurred primarily in making requests or proposals. Despite age-related increases in pronominal forms and intents, a small set of intents continued to provide the context for most self- and other-reference pronouns. In the communicative contexts in which they explicitly refer to self and other, children did not appear to exclusively mirror those which were observed in parental speech.     

结社自由简论

宪法性法律和国际人权条约承认和保护的结社自由，是个体基于不同的原因而与他人结成名称、规模、宗旨和目标等各不相同的组织的权利。文章从四个方面，即什么是结社自由、它有什么功能、法律如何对之进行保护以及结社自由与表达自由之间的关系，对结社自由进行了界定。     

英汉政治演讲语篇中人称指称对比研究——以24篇英汉政治演讲语篇为例

运用韩礼德的系统功能语法理论（SFG），以中关两国高级领导人的24．篇政治演讲为语料，通过定量分析，对人称指称用法进行对比研究，总结出英汉政治演讲语篇中人称指称的用法和异同。     

试论汉语比喻的心理基础及文化观照

比喻是对感知过程中产生的某种联想进行描述的一种语言艺术手法,＂联想＂是比喻的心理基础。比喻的结构构成及其功能实现,都需建立在类比联想的基础之上。这种联想的产生会受到人们所生活的文化背景的影响,因此比喻也是一种文化现象。从广阔的文化背景中观察分析汉语中的比喻,能更好地了解其文化特征。     

言论自由的反讽,反讽什么——重读费斯教授的《言论自由的反讽》

美国历史上,学者们通常都是在以国家为敌的前提下探讨言论自由,而费斯教授在其名著《言论自由的反讽》中,却提出关于以国家为敌的言论自由的三个错误：言论＂沉寂化＂效应、国家作为＂配给者＂角色的缺失、＂公平原则＂的漠视,费斯教授认为国家也可能成为言论自由的朋友。结合这一理论,充分认识中美两国言论自由的不同背景,可以以新程序主义为进路推动我国言论自由的进程。     

奥巴马就职演说辞的隐喻特色解读

认知语言学认为隐喻不仅是一种语言现象,更是人类的思维方式,认知的有力工具。对奥巴马就职演说辞中的隐喻特色,其潜在意图和做出隐喻选择的内在原因进行解读具有十分重要的意义,利于人们进一步了解隐喻的作用和实质。     

清单计价下的工程建设全过程造价管理与控制

在阐述工程量清单的基本涵义与特点的基础上,系统论述了工程量清单计价模式下,在工程建设的设计、施工招标、施工、竣工验收等各个阶段工程造价管理与控制应注意的问题、应采取的措施和手段,对于工程项目业主利用清单计价对工程造价进行有效控制具有重要的指导意义。