“半生事笔墨，辛苦为法施”——周作人的“魏晋文章”浅论

在中国现代文学史上 ,周作人的“魏晋文章”可谓独具特色。其散文小品以及新旧诗体 ,皆以风格的冲淡平和与语言的流丽自然而见长 ,与魏晋文学神似。由于最为服膺陶渊明与颜之推 ,周作人的这一追求 ,对于后来的废名、俞平伯、江绍原等人都影响至深 ,从而于中国现代散文中的隐逸与静穆一脉风格之形成有莫大关系     

内在的生态美与人的自然经验

生态学与审美人类学重视人类的一些原初的经验,重视人的来自大地的自发性。现代社会中的经验,理性成份越来越多,经验中的自然要素越来越少,经验的有机性、宁静感以及经验的节奏与完整性受到破坏,面临一种危机,而这些经验却在古老的状态或妇女儿童身上较好地体现出来。     

发展与转型：思潮、战略和自生能力

发展中国家在转型与发展过程中利用了比较优势,就会有后发优势,技术变迁速度快,就能赶上发达国家。思想、认识、社会思潮,是决定一国能否利用后发优势取得经济快速发展的最主要原因。如果转型国家对落后背后的真正原因（要素禀赋结构）有足够认识,并据此制定符合比较优势的产业政策,企业就会有自生能力,就能充分利用后发优势。因此,发展中国家若能根据实际情况制定发展战略,选择转型路径,即使在非常弱的制度框架下,也有可能取得经济的快速增长。     

"退出印度"运动原因与进程探析

“退出印度”运动是印度现代民族独立斗争洪流中的最后一次巨大浪潮。第二次世界大战爆发三年以来的英印矛盾的不断积累与激化,是导致“退出印度”运动的根本原因,而1942年8月9日的大逮捕是诱发“退出印度”运动突发的直接原因;“退出印度”运动经历了初期、中期和晚期三个阶段,每个阶段呈现出不同的特点;“退出印度”运动的爆发方式是自发的,其进程是有计划的,动机是非暴力的,结果则是暴力的。     

康德的“智性直观”探微

“智性直观”概念在欧洲大陆理性派那里有其思想来源,康德对该概念的提升和改造在于使之与数学直观割断联系,并赋予了它三层含义一是我们人所不可能具有的一种撇开感官直接直观自在之物的能力,二是作为一种自发的能动性和创造性直接给出对象的能力,三是作为人的感性直观和知性思维所模仿的“原型”的能力,所有这些含义都只是一种逻辑上不矛盾、事实上对于人来说却不可能的假设。康德的智性直观对德国哲学从费希特、谢林、黑格尔、马克思到胡塞尔、海德格尔等人的哲学思想及其发展产生了持续的影响作用。     

The Romantic Realism of Michel Foucault Returning to Kant

Beatrice Han argues that the theories of subjection (determinism: structure) and subjectivation (freedom: agency) are the “the blind spot of Foucault's work:” to the very end of his life, in being transcendental and historical theories, respectively, they were in irresolvable conflict. In part I, I have argued that Foucault encourages us to situate the theories of the subject in an un‐thematized reach for a metaphysics of realism which, in effect, was to ground his uncertain complementary reach for a naturalist conduct of research. In part II I also argue that it is this fundamental feature of Foucault's Foucault that drives his returns to Kant, the purpose of which is to resolve the conflicting theories of the subject, and thus to solve his Giddensian problem of structure and creativity. Locating the returns and their purpose in my context of Science for Humanism and the recovery of human agency, I ultimately argue that Foucault's two special returns to Kant in order to solve his structure/agency problem led to two unfortunate solutions. The resort to Baudelair's aesthetic subject is a failed solution in so far as it regresses to being a pre‐noumenal conception of the subject. The subsequent mere reinstatement of Kant's subject as causally empowered, minus the noumenalism, is nothing more than a reclamation of Kant's conception. Only the reconstruction of Foucault's realism permits us to assert that he could have moved beyond the reclamation of human agency to its recovery.     

网络舆论监督的有效性探讨

网络舆论监督自下而上,在“人”、“术”、“势”三大要素的共同作用下,成为当今反腐败的利器,越来越受到民众的青睐。然而,网络舆论监督固有的自在自发的特性使得监督常常处于主体性价值缺位和监督乏力的困境之中。要保证网络舆论监督的有效性,就要通过教化、调控等手段处理好自由与规范的关系,让网络民意从民间走进政府视野、让民间与官方共建反腐败网络阵地、让网络舆论监督与其他监督在现实中形成合力,引导网络舆论监督走上自由自觉的发展之路。     

‘Our world was made by nature’: constructions of spontaneous order

ABSTRACT

This article explores the concepts of spontaneity and spontaneous order, in particular their deployment by Friedrich Hayek and Karl Polanyi. Although in many respects these thinkers were poles apart, the article identifies a point of convergence. They both mobilize the concept of spontaneity in a manner that naturalizes a particular social process: for Hayek, the market economy, for Polanyi, society’s protective movement that arises in reaction against the market economy. To contextualize the uses of spontaneity by Hayek and Polanyi, I trace its evolution, with reference to Leibniz, Mandeville, and the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment. Having sketched the ways in which earlier thinkers understood spontaneity, I turn finally to Hayek and Polanyi. I argue that their invocations of spontaneity and spontaneous order contribute to a downplaying of relations of domination and exploitation. While Hayek sees the market system as the exemplar of spontaneous order, for Polanyi, the concept of spontaneity underpins his belief that the protective countermovement is a ‘natural’ reaction to the evils of market society; as such, power relations pass beneath the radar.     

要市场,也要政府:互动中的互补--两大自由主义经济观比较

自发型自由主义经济学与理性型自由主义经济学并不存在严格的对立与替代。二者有着共同的自由主义基础 ,对市场机制有效配置资源的作用都推崇备至 ,都主张既要市场 ,也要政府。自发型自由主义经济学与理性型自由主义经济学的哲学基础的不同 ,导致在自由、理性、法治等问题认识上存在较大的差异 ,由此导致对市场和政府作为领域的界定有所不同 ,因而在不同时期提出消极政府与积极政府的不同主张。当代自由主义则以实用主义为准绳 ,对自由主义加以实用化改造和解释     

近代欧洲政治话语的创新——"国家理性"观析微

在西方政治话语中,国家理性是关于国家行为的一套特殊规则,诞生于文艺复兴这个近代民族国家兴起的时期。在具体的实践层面上,国家理性从道德自觉转向利益自觉,成为现实政治的核心要素,进而演化为现代国家利益观的重要组成部分。诸如国家理性这样的政治话语的变迁折射出不同时代的政治文化的内涵和意蕴。