Perception and Communication of Flood Risks: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research

Flood hazards are the most common and destructive of all natural disasters. For decades, experts have been examining how flood losses can be mitigated. Just as in other risk domains, the study of risk perception and risk communication has gained increasing interest in flood risk management. Because of this research growth, a review of the state of the art in this domain is believed necessary. The review comprises 57 empirically based peer‐reviewed articles on flood risk perception and communication from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The characteristics of these articles are listed in a comprehensive table, presenting research design, research variables, and key findings. From this review, it follows that the majority of studies are of exploratory nature and have not applied any of the theoretical frameworks that are available in social science research. Consequently, a methodological standardization in measuring and analyzing people's flood risk perceptions and their adaptive behaviors is hardly present. This heterogeneity leads to difficulties in comparing results among studies. It is also shown that theoretical and empirical studies on flood risk communication are nearly nonexistent. The article concludes with a summary on methodological issues in the fields of flood‐risk perception and flood‐risk communication and proposes an agenda for future research.     

浅议英语学习中的文化差异

东西方文化存在着很大的差异,对西方文化不了解,势必造成英语学习的障碍乃至交际的失误。     

Alike but different: the understanding of rituals among Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus in Denmark

ABSTRACT

This article will discuss the meaning(s) of rituals among Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus in Denmark with special focus on the second generation. It will use Roy A. Rappaport's theory on ritual both as communication and as a basic social act, but it will also, in line with Jan Assmann and Hervieu Legér, understand the ritual as a storing place of collective memory. It will give a short outline of what can be called the institutionalisation but also the placemaking of the Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu tradition in Denmark, but the empirical focus will be on the chariot procession (Tēr), which attracts thousands of participants every year. The Tēr procession is an example of continuity and change. Continuity because the participants try to reproduce the ritual as they know it from Sri Lanka, however, changed so it fits into or communicates with the new setting.     

跨文化情景下的文化认同与和谐相处——以在美国阿肯色大学的学习生活经历为例

以美国阿肯色大学跨文化交流的经历为背景,以具体文化情景下的不同感受和体验为基础,揭示了在跨文化交流的情景下文化认同的两种表现:既表现为因语言相同或相近、宗教信仰相同、地域相近或相邻而产生的亲近感和归属感;也表现为因文化差异而产生的吸引或冲突。而在这种跨文化交流的情景下要实现和谐相处,就要做到"我"与"他者"之间文化上的"欣赏"与"分享",即"文化的互为主体性",而这种和谐的实现源于人类本性的相通,即"人类心灵的共同点"。     

Efficiency or Competition? A Structural Econometric Analysis of Canada's AWS Auction and the Set‐Aside Provision

In 2008, Industry Canada auctioned 105 MHz of spectrum to a group of bidders that included incumbents and potential new entrants into the Canadian mobile phone market, raising $4.25 billion. In an effort to promote new entry, 40 MHz of spectrum was set‐aside for new entrants. In order to estimate the implicit cost of the set‐aside provision, we estimate the parameters of the bidders' profit function via a maximum match estimator based on the notion of pairwise stability in matches. We find that all telecommunications firms valued both geographic complementarities across auction licenses as well as absolute spectrum. Under a reasonable alternative scenario, our results indicate that the set‐aside led to a total profit loss of approximately 10%.     

数字营销传播背景下的新型社会形态研究

随着数字营销传播的发展,社会形态发生了巨大的改变.数字营销传播的载体改变了传统的生活方式,让消费和传播变得更加精准,各种各样私人化的定制服务满足了人们个性化的需求.这种新型的营销传播方式让消费者在市场中占据了主导位置.数字技术在改变生活方式的同时,也改变着人们的认知系统和价值观念.经过数字营销传播的洗礼,社会结构重新部落化,沟通变得更加平等.行业之间开始融合,不同领域的行业边界变得模糊不清.以往的营销传播理念已无法满足当今大变革时代的需求,新型社会形态需要全新的营销传播理论与之相对应.     

英国林肯大学ESL跨文化交际教学的特色与启发

从英国林肯大学EFL教学的实际情况出发,指出在全球一体化和文化多元化的新时代背景下,国外ESL教育强调对英语学习者跨文化交流能力培养的重视;具体从学习动机、教学目标、教学方法、教材选用以及学习语境这五个方面,阐述其跨文化交际的英语教学的特色;旨在借鉴国外ESL跨文化教学的经验,启发我国英语教育中的跨文化交际教学的改革,促进培养适应新时代背景要求的应用型英语人才。     

媒介演化与社会性格的变迁——基于大卫·理斯曼社会性格理论的媒介学解释

媒介与社会性格形塑之间存在着密切的对应性关系,社会学家大卫·理斯曼在其著作《孤独的人群》中探讨了历史文化变迁中社会性格所存在的深刻复杂性,其中就已经涉及到了媒介变迁与社会性格转化之间的关系问题。本文尝试在理斯曼的研究基础上,结合新近发展出的媒介研究理论,将媒介技术特性与社会性格转化之间的关系加以主题化,使之成为一个具有相对独立性的学术问题,并试图对理斯曼提出的所谓“传统导向性格”、“他人导向性格”与“内在导向性格”等社会性格的媒介形塑原因作出解释。     

3D打印中CAD文件的定性与复制问题研究

3D打印技术的发展使著作权法上的复制变得更为高效便捷,由此产生了一系列亟待梳理和解决的问题。基于3D打印技术原理,可将其分为输入和输出两个环节。在输入环节,对CAD文件的作品类型进行规制,采用视觉标准界定立体作品,并以“美术作品+模型作品”的思路进行综合保护;在输出环节,3D打印属于复制,且可以实现从平面到立体和从立体到立体的复制形态,复制权的控制范围应不限于现行法律所列举的方式。针对3D打印技术在网络传播中的侵权风险,应对合理使用中的私人复制予以限制,灵活运用“三步检验标准”对合理性进行审查。3D打印在著作权法方面并未引发新的法律问题,现行制度已存在包容空间,不必为其特设著作权新规,通过对现有规则的解释和借助已有案例的适用经验便能解决可预见的著作权法争端。     

中国语境下主流媒体传播力评估模型及指标体系的构建

在对中国语境下主流媒体的内涵、主流媒体传播力解析的基础上,构建了一个主流媒体传播力的评估模型,并依据此模型,提出基于传播基础、传播能力、传播生态和媒介技术四个影响因素的主流媒体传播力的评估指标体系.